different between chagrin vs abash
chagrin
English
Alternative forms
- chagrine (obsolete)
Etymology
From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of "lamenting or yowling like cats" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)).
An alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sa?r? (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning "sorrow".
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /??æ?.??n/
- (US) enPR: sh?-gr?n', IPA(key): /??????n/
Noun
chagrin (countable and uncountable, plural chagrins)
- Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification.
- Synonyms: disquiet, fretfulness, mortification, peevishness, vexation
- 1876, Louisa May Alcott, Rose In Bloom, ch. 8:
- [H]e alone knew how deep was the deluded man's chagrin at the failure of the little plot which he fancied was prospering finely.
- A type of leather or skin with a rough surface.
- Synonym: shagreen
Usage notes
Often used in the form to one’s chagrin.
Descendants
- shagreen
Translations
See also
- disgust
- disappointment
Verb
chagrin (third-person singular simple present chagrins, present participle chagrining, simple past and past participle chagrined)
- (transitive) To bother or vex; to mortify.
- 1683, Daniel Defoe (attributed translator), An Account of Monsieur De Quesne’s Late Expedition at Chio, London: Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, p. 50,[4]
- But since this Infidel Minister knows the folly of these Brags; which he sees destroy’d by the Relations Printed in other Countries: They serve only, for a Subject to augment his Pride; and gives him a Pleasure, the mor to Chagrine and Mortifie the French Ambassador.
- 1748, Laetitia Pilkington, Memoirs, Dublin, Volume 3, p. 75,[5]
- […] though you send at any Time, and even received an unmannerly Answer, do not let a rash Pride drive you to return the Affront, since it is impossible for you to know what at that Instant had chagrin’d their Temper.
- 1764, William Shenstone, “The Progress of Taste,” Part I, in The Works in Verse and Prose of William Shenstone, London: R. & J. Dodsley, Volume I, p. 265,[6]
- But friends and fav’rites, to chagrin them,
- Find counties, countries, seas, between them:
- Meet once a year, then part, and then
- Retiring, wish to meet again.
- 1855, Elizabeth Gaskell, North and South, Chapter 40,[7]
- He felt pretty sure that, if this interview took place, his mother's account of what passed at it would only annoy and chagrin him, though he would all the time be aware of the colouring which it received by passing through her mind.
- 1970, Toni Morrison, The Bluest Eye, New York: Pocket Books, 1972, “Autumn,” p. 23,[8]
- She would go on like that for hours, connecting one offense to another until all of the things that chagrined her were spewed out.
- 1683, Daniel Defoe (attributed translator), An Account of Monsieur De Quesne’s Late Expedition at Chio, London: Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, p. 50,[4]
- (reflexive, obsolete, rare) To be vexed or annoyed.
- 1760, Arthur Murphy, The Way to Keep Him, London: P. Vaillant, Act I, Scene 1, p. 8,[9]
- Dear Ma’am, why will you chagrine yourself about a vile Man, that is not worth,—no, as I live and breathe,—not worth a single Sigh?—
- 1760, Arthur Murphy, The Way to Keep Him, London: P. Vaillant, Act I, Scene 1, p. 8,[9]
Usage notes
The verb form is now mainly used in the passive voice.
Derived terms
- chagrined
- chagrining
Translations
Adjective
chagrin (comparative more chagrin, superlative most chagrin)
- (obsolete) Feeling chagrin; annoyed; vexed, fretful.[17th to 18th centuries.]
- 1673, John Dryden, Marriage a-la-mode, London: Henry Herringman, Act III, Scene 1, p. 33,[10]
- Dear, my dear, pity me; I am so chagrin to day, and have had the most signal affront at Court!
- 1718, Daniel Defoe, The Family Instructor, London: Emanuel Matthews, Volume 2, Dialogue 5, p. 390,[11]
- […] instead of rejoycing at this Prosperity of his Family, which a true Father of his Children would have esteem’d his own, a Spirit of Envy and Discontent seized him, and he went away chagrine and melancholy.
- 1728, Henry Fielding, Love in Several Masques, Act V, Scene 3, in The Works of Henry Fielding, Esq, London: W. Strahan et al., 1784, Volume I, p. 174,[12]
- I wou’d not have your ladyship chagrin at my bride’s expression […]
- 1758, “Captain T—of BATTEREAU’s Regiment in the Isle of SKIE to Captain P— at Fort AUGUSTUS” in Robert Dodsley (ed.), A Collection of Poems in Six Volumes, London: R. & J. Dodsley, p. 243,[13]
- All pensive, heartless, and chagrine
- I sit, devoted prey to spleen;
- 1673, John Dryden, Marriage a-la-mode, London: Henry Herringman, Act III, Scene 1, p. 33,[10]
Synonyms
- chagrined
Translations
References
Anagrams
- Charing, arching, chargin', charing
French
Etymology
From chagriner, perhaps from Frankish *gram, akin to German Gram
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?a.????/
Noun
chagrin m (plural chagrins)
- sorrow, grief, chagrin
Derived terms
- esprit chagrin
- chagrin d'amour
- peau de chagrin
Adjective
chagrin (feminine singular chagrine, masculine plural chagrins, feminine plural chagrines)
- (literary) despondent, woeful
- (literary) disgruntled, morose
Related terms
- chagrinant
- chagriner
References
Further reading
- “chagrin” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Louisiana Creole French
Etymology
From French chagrin (“sorrow”), compare Haitian Creole chagrin.
Verb
chagrin
- to be sorry
References
- Alcée Fortier, Louisiana Folktales
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abash
English
Alternative forms
- abasse
Etymology
First attested in 1303. From Middle English abaisen, abaishen, abashen (“to gape with surprise”) etc., from Anglo-Norman abaïss, from Middle French abair, abaisser (“to astonish, alter”), from Old French esbaïr, (French ébahir), from es- (“utterly”) + baïr (“to astonish”), from Medieval Latin *exbad?, from ex- (“out of”) + bado (“I gape, yawn”), an onomatopoeic word imitating a yawn, see also French badaud (“rubbernecker”).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??bæ?/
- (General American) IPA(key): /??bæ?/
- Rhymes: -æ?
Verb
abash (third-person singular simple present abashes, present participle abashing, simple past and past participle abashed)
- (transitive) To make ashamed; to embarrass; to destroy the self-possession of, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to disconcert; to discomfit. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350).]
- Synonyms: bewilder, confuse, confound, daunt, discompose, disconcert, discountenance, dishearten, embarrass, faze, fluster, humble, humiliate, mortify, rattle, shake, shame, snub
- Antonyms: abet, animate, buoy, cheer, countenance, embolden, encourage, incite, inspirit, rally, reassure, uphold
- 1849, Thomas Macaulay, History of England, Chapter 14
- He was a man whom no check could abash
- (intransitive, obsolete) To lose self-possession; to become ashamed. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the late 16th century.]
Usage notes
- Of abash, confuse, confound: Abash is a stronger word than confuse, but not so strong as confound.
- We are abashed when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as, Peter was abashed by the look of his Master. So a modest youth is abashed in the presence of those who are greatly his superiors.
- We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers.
- We are confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually confounded at the discovery of his guilt.
- Satan stood Awhile as mute, confounded what to say. – John Milton
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:abash
Derived terms
Translations
References
Anagrams
- Basha, Sabah, basha, sabha
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