different between catena vs chain

English

Etymology

From Medieval Latin catena, from Latin cat?na (“chain”). Doublet of chain.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k??ti?n?/

Noun

catena (plural catenas or catenae)

1. A series of related items.
2. (soil science) A series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope.

Related terms

• chain
• catenal
• catenary
• catenative
• concatenate
• concatenation

Translations

Anagrams

• acetan

Interlingua

Noun

catena (plural catenas)

1. chain

Italian

Etymology

From Latin cat?na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka?te.na/

Noun

catena f (plural catene)

1. chain
2. bond, fetter; subordination, repression
3. tie, cord, bond
4. tether (a rope, cable etc. that holds something in place whilst allowing some movement)

Synonyms

• ordito

Related terms

• catena alimentare
• catenaccio
• catena da neve
• catenaria
• catenella
• incatenare

Anagrams

• ancate
• cenata

Further reading

• catena in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *katesn?, further etymology unknown. Probably connected with cassis (“hunting-net”).

Pokorny derives cat?na and cassis from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with casa as another possible cognate.

Martirosyan connects cassis and cat?na with Old Armenian ???? (c?anc?, “casting-net”) and derives all from a Mediterranean substrate.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ka?te?.na/, [kä?t?e?nä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ka?te.na/, [k??t???n?]

Noun

cat?na f (genitive cat?nae); first declension

1. chain

Declension

First-declension noun.

Derived terms

• catella
• cat?n?rius
• cat?n?tus
• cat?n?
• cat?n?sus
• cat?nula

Descendants

References

Further reading

• catena in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• catena in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• catena in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• catena in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
• catena in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• catena in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cat?na (“chain”). Doublet of cadeia.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ka?t?.n?/
• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /k??te.n?/
• Hyphenation: ca?te?na

Noun

catena f (plural catenas)

1. (geology) catena (series of distinct soils along a slope)

English

Etymology

From Middle English cheyne, chaine, from Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin cat?na (“chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to braid, twist; hut, shed”). Doublet of catena.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?t??e?n/
• Rhymes: -e?n

Noun

chain (plural chains)

1. A series of interconnected rings or links usually made of metal.

2. A series of interconnected things.

3. A series of stores or businesses with the same brand name.

4. (chemistry) A number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule.

5. (surveying) A series of interconnected links of known length, used as a measuring device.
6. (surveying) A long measuring tape.
7. A unit of length equal to 22 yards. The length of a Gunter's surveying chain. The length of a cricket pitch. Equal to 20.12 metres, 4 rods, or 100 links.
   • 1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1943, Chapter X, p. 177, [1]

     "But it's too far—must be a quarter of a mile—and I've a portmanteau to carry." […]

     "Garn!" shouted the guard. "Taint ten chain. […] "

8. (mathematics, set theory, order theory) A totally ordered set, especially a totally ordered subset of a poset.
   • 2003, Jeremy P. Spinrad, Efficient Graph Representations, American Mathematical Society, page 108,

     We first find an approximation of the chain partition, i.e. a small but not minimum size set of chains which cover all elements of the poset.

9. (Britain) A sequence of linked house purchases, each of which is dependent on the preceding and succeeding purchase (said to be "broken" if a buyer or seller pulls out).
10. That which confines, fetters, or secures; a bond.
11. (nautical, in the plural) Iron links bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes connected with the shrouds; also, the channels.
12. (weaving) The warp threads of a web.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

Synonyms

• (series of interconnected rings or links): rackle
• (series of interconnected things): See also Thesaurus:sequence

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

chain (third-person singular simple present chains, present participle chaining, simple past and past participle chained)

1. (transitive) To fasten something with a chain.

2. (figuratively) To connect as if with a chain, due to dependence, addiction, or other feelings}}

3. (intransitive) To link multiple items together.
4. (transitive) To secure someone with fetters.
5. (transitive) To obstruct the mouth of a river etc with a chain.
6. (figuratively) To obligate.
7. (computing) To relate data items with a chain of pointers.
8. (computing) To be chained to another data item.
9. (transitive) To measure a distance using a 66-foot long chain, as in land surveying.
10. (transitive, computing, rare, associated with Acorn Computers) To load and automatically run (a program).
    • 1996, "Mr D Walsh", Running two programs from a batch file (on newsgroup comp.sys.acorn.misc)

      How do you get one program to chain another? I want to run DrawWorks2 then !Draw but as soon as you run Drawworks2 it finishes the batch file and doesn't go on to the next instruction! Is there a way without loading one of these automatic loaders?

    • 1998, "Juan Flynn", BBC software transmitted on TV - how to load? (on newsgroup comp.sys.acorn.misc)

      You can do LOAD "" or CHAIN "" to load or chain the next program if I remember correctly (it's been a loooong time since I've used a tape on an Acorn!)

    • 2006, "Richard Porter", SpamStamp double headers (on newsgroup comp.sys.acorn.apps)

      Recent versions of AntiSpam no longer use the Config file but have a Settings file instead, so when I updated the Config file to chain SpamStamp it had no effect as it was a redundant file.

Derived terms

• unchain
• chain up

Translations

References

• chain in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• chain in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• OED 2nd edition 1989

Further reading

• chain on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

Anagrams

• Anich, Chian, China, china

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ai?n/

Adjective

chain

1. Aspirate mutation of cain.

Mutation