different between castle vs camp

English

Etymology

From Middle English castle, castel, from late Old English castel, castell (“a town, village, castle”), borrowed from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”), diminutive of Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”). Doublet of castell, castellum, and château. Parallel borrowings (from Late Latin or Old French) are Scots castel, castell (“castle”), West Frisian kastiel (“castle”), Dutch kasteel (“castle”), German Kastell (“castle”), Danish kastel (“citadel”), Swedish kastell (“citadel”), Icelandic kastali (“castle”), Welsh castell. The Middle English word was reinforced by Anglo-Norman/Old Northern French castel, itself from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”) (compare modern French château from Old French chastel). If Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”) is from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”), Latin casa (“cottage, hut”) is related. Possibly related also to Gothic ???????????????????? (h?þj?, “chamber”), Old English heaþor (“restraint, confinement, enclosure, prison”). See also casino, cassock.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: käs'(?)l, IPA^(key): /?k??s?l/, /k??sl?/
• Rhymes: -??s?l
• (US, Canada, Northern England) enPR: k?s'(?)l, IPA^(key): /?kæs?l/, /kæsl?/
• Rhymes: -æs?l

Noun

castle (plural castles)

1. A large building that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king.
2. (chess) An instance of castling.
3. (chess, informal) A rook; a chess piece shaped like a castle tower.
4. (shogi) A defense structure in shogi formed by defensive pieces surrounding the king.
5. (obsolete) A close helmet.
6. (dated) Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.
7. (dated) A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.
8. (cricket, colloquial) The wicket.
   • 1966, Gurdeep Singh, Cricket in Northern India (page 59)

     Nay, he was quite an adept, and was very effective as a change bowler, for in no time he demolished the castle of any batsman.

Usage notes

For the chess piece, chess players prefer the term rook.

Synonyms

• (building): fortress

Hyponyms

• (building): keep, motte and bailey

Coordinate terms

• (building): castellan (overseer); castellate, castellany (domain); incastle, castellate, incastellate (to make into a castle); castellate, castellated, incastled, incastellated (castle-like)

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• Appendix:Chess pieces

Verb

castle (third-person singular simple present castles, present participle castling, simple past and past participle castled)

1. (transitive) To house or keep in a castle.
   • 1611, John Florio, Queen Anna's New World of Words, s.v. "Castellare":

     ...to encastle, to Castle.

   • 1871, Robert Browning, "Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society", 116:

     ...Some fierce tribe, castled on the mountain-peak...

2. (transitive, figuratively) To protect or separate in a similar way.
   • 1655, William Gurnall, The Christian in Compleat Armour, 1st Pt., 32:

     Castle me in the armes of thy everlasting strength.

3. (obsolete) To make into a castle: to build in the form of a castle or add (real or imitation) battlements to an existing building.
   • c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, "The Parson's Tale":

     ...Bake metes and dish metes... peynted and castelled with papir...

4. (usually intransitive, chess) To move the king 2 squares right or left and, in the same turn, the nearest rook to the far side of the king. The move now has special rules: the king cannot be in, go through, or end in check; the squares between the king and rook must be vacant; and neither piece may have been moved before castling.
   • 1656, Francis Beale translating Gioachino Greco as The Royall Game of Chesse-Play, Being the Study of Biochimo, p. 8:

     He [i.e., the king] may change (or Castle) with this Rooke, that is, he may goe two draughts at once towards this Rooke... causing the Rooke to stand next to him on either side.

   • 1835, William Lewis, Chess for Beginners, Ch. 5, p. 24:

     No. 24. ¶ If your adversary make a false move, castle improperly, &c., you must take notice of such irregularity before you move, or even touch a piece, or you are no longer allowed to inflict any penalties.

5. (usually intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.
6. (cricket) To bowl a batsman with a full-length ball or yorker such that the stumps are knocked over.
   • 2009, BBC Sport, "Lightning Bolt Blows Over Gayle":

     And the 23-year-old brought the crowd to their feet when he castled Gayle's stumps, signalling the direction of the pavilion to his friend for good measure.

   • 2011, Firdose Moonda, ESPNcricinfo, "A Day for Missed Hat-tricks":

     He bowled Vinay with a full, straight ball that castled off stump and then dished up a yorker that RP Singh backed away to and sent onto his stumps.

Synonyms

• (to house in a castle): castellate, incastellate
• (to make into a castle): See fortify

Derived terms

• castle up, castle short, castle long

Translations

Anagrams

• CELTAs, Castel, cleats, eclats, sclate, éclats

Middle English

Noun

castle

1. Alternative form of castel

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kæmp/
  • (General American, Canada, /æ/ raising) IPA^(key): [k???mp] ~ [k?e?mp]
• Rhymes: -æmp

Etymology 1

From Middle English kampe (“battlefield, open space”), from Old English camp (“battle, contest, battlefield, open space”), from Proto-West Germanic *kamp (“open field where military exercises are held, level plain”), from Latin campus (“open field, level plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh?emp- (“to bend; crooked”). Reinforced circa 1520 by Middle French can, camp (“place where an army lodges temporarily”), from Old Northern French camp, from the same Latin (whence also French champ from Old French). Cognate with Old High German champf (“battle, struggle”) (German Kampf), Old Norse kapp (“battle”), Old High German hamf (“paralysed, maimed, mutilated”). Doublet of campus.

The verb is from Middle English campen, from Old English campian, compian (“to fight, war against”), from Proto-West Germanic *kamp?n (“to fight, do battle”), from *kamp (“field, battlefield, battle”), see above. Cognate with Dutch kampen, German kämpfen (“to struggle”), Danish kæmpe, Swedish kämpa.

Noun

camp (countable and uncountable, plural camps)

1. An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.
2. An organised event, often taking place in tents or temporary accommodation.
3. A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary.
4. A single hut or shelter.

5. The company or body of persons encamped.
6. A group of people with the same strong ideals or political leanings.
7. (uncommon) Campus
8. (informal) A summer camp.
9. (prison slang) A prison.
   • 2009, Nick Chandler, Jeanette Billings, Determined to Change: The Autobiography of Nick Chandler (page 184)

     Lantana is a sweet camp. It's an old hospital that has been converted to a drug treatment center for prisoners.

10. (agriculture) A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against frost

    Synonyms: burrow, pie

11. (obsolete) Conflict; battle.
12. (Britain, obsolete) An ancient game of football, played in some parts of England.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)

Derived terms

Related terms

• campus
• champerty

Descendants

Translations

Verb

camp (third-person singular simple present camps, present participle camping, simple past and past participle camped)

1. To live in a tent or similar temporary accommodation.

2. To set up a camp.
3. (transitive) To afford rest or lodging for.
4. (video games) To stay in an advantageous location in a video game, such as next to a power-up's spawning point or in order to guard an area.

5. (intransitive, obsolete) To fight; contend in battle or in any kind of contest; to strive with others in doing anything; compete.
   • 1562, Leigh, The Accedens of Armory ?

     Aristotle affirmeth that Rauens will gather together on sides, and campe and fight for victorie.

6. (intransitive, obsolete) To wrangle; argue.

Derived terms

• cample

Translations

Etymology 2

Unknown. Suggested origins include the 17th century French word camper (“to put oneself in a pose”), an assumed dialectal English word *camp or *kemp (“rough, uncouth”) and a derivation from camp (n.) Believed to be from Polari, otherwise obscure.

Noun

camp (uncountable)

1. An affected, exaggerated or intentionally tasteless style.

Derived terms

Translations

Adjective

camp (comparative camper, superlative campest)

1. Theatrical; making exaggerated gestures.
2. (of a man) Ostentatiously effeminate.
   • 2007, David Rothwell, Dictionary of Homonyms, Wordsworth Editions ?ISBN, page 88

     More recently the word has become colloquial English for either implying that someone is a homosexual (‘he's very camp’), or for describing rather outre behaviour […]

   • 2014, Sarah Lotz, The Three, Hachette UK ?ISBN

     And to be honest, in the illustration Mr Tumnus does look as camp as fuck with his little scarf tied jauntily around his neck. I suppose it isn't outside the realms of possibility that he'd just been off cottaging with some centaurs in the forest. God.

3. Intentionally tasteless or vulgar, self-parodying.
   • 2002, Georges-Claude Guilbert, Madonna as Postmodern Myth, McFarland ?ISBN, page 123

     In Saturday Night Live, Madonna also unsurprisingly played Princess Diana, Marilyn Monroe, and a Joan Collins clone, all in a very camp way. As John Dean writes: “U.S. rock has a ruling camp queen with Madonna.”

Translations

Derived terms

• camp it up
• campy

Descendants

• ? Finnish: camp
• ? French: camp
• ? Spanish: camp

References

Anagrams

• CAPM, CPAM

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan camp (compare Occitan camp), from Latin campus (compare French champ, Spanish campo), from Proto-Indo-European *kh?emp- (“to bend, curve”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?kamp/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /?kam/

Noun

camp m (plural camps)

1. field (open area of land)
2. camp (temporary outdoor accommodation)
3. field of study, discipline
4. (physics) field

Synonyms

• (open area): terreny
• (camp): campament
• (discipline): disciplina

Derived terms

Related terms

• campanya
• campestre
• campió

French

Etymology 1

Probably from a Norman or Picard word equivalent to French champ (itself inherited from Old French champ and Latin), from Old Northern French camp, from Latin campus, or alternatively from Occitan camp, Old Occitan camp, possibly Italian campo. Doublet of champ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k??/
• Homophones: Caen, quand, quant

Noun

camp m (plural camps)

1. camp (An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.)

   Il a dressé son camp de l'autre côté de la rivière. ? He has erected his camp on the other side of the river.

2. camp (Semi-temporary accommodation)

   Un camp de concentration. ? A concentration camp.

3. camp (A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary)

   Les camps ennemis. ? The enemy camps.

4. camp (A group of people with the same ideals or political leanings, strongly supported.)

   Ce pays est partagé en deux camps. ? This country is divided into two camps.

5. camp, summer camp.

   Un camp de vacances. ? A summer camp. (idiomatic; French usage does not specify a season)

Derived terms

Related terms

• camper
• campement
• camping
• champ

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English camp.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k??p/, /kamp/

Adjective

camp (invariable)

1. camp (Intentionally tasteless or vulgar, self-parodying, affected, exaggerated)

   Une folle camp ne peut jamais en faire trop.

Noun

camp m (uncountable)

1. campness; An affected, exaggerated or intentionally tasteless style.

   La tactique des Sœurs dans la lutte contre le sida repose sur une stratégie politique : une utilisation du camp, une réappropriation revendiquée de l’efféminement, de la visibilité homosexuelle et de la follitude qui visent à désarmer les injonctions morales pesant sur la sexualité – sociales, religieuses, liées au sexe, au genre, aux pratiques sexuelles…

Synonyms

• follitude

Further reading

• “camp” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English campian.

Verb

camp

1. Alternative form of campen

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kampr.

Adjective

camp

1. Alternative form of kempe (“shaggy”)

Norman

Alternative forms

• champ

Etymology

From Old Northern French camp (compare Old French champ), from Latin campus, from Proto-Indo-European *kamp- (“to bend; crooked”). Compare French champ.

Noun

camp m (plural camps)

1. (Guernsey) field

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kamp, from Latin campus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?mp/

Noun

camp m

1. combat

Declension

Derived terms

• campd?m
• campealdor
• camp?ef?ra
• camph?d
• campl??
• campr?den
• campstede
• campung
• campw?pen
• campwudu
• campwered

Noun

camp n

1. an enclosed piece of land

Descendants

• Middle English: kampe, komp, comp
  • English: camp (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: camp

Old French

Etymology

Found in Old Northern French, Picard and Norman dialects, etc. From Latin campus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?kãmp]

Noun

camp m (oblique plural cans, nominative singular cans, nominative plural camp)

1. camp.
2. Alternative form of champ

Descendants

• Norman: camp (Guernsey)
• ? French: camp
• ? Dutch: kamp
  • Afrikaans: kamp
  • ? Indonesian: kamp

Welsh

Etymology

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin campus, from the senses of "field of action, scope, opportunity, or produce of a field".

Noun

camp f (plural campau)

1. feat, accomplishment

   Synonym: gorchest

2. sport, contest

Derived terms

• campfa (“gymnasium, stadium”)
• campus (“excellent, splendid”)
• campwaith (“masterpiece”)
• campwr (“champion”)

Mutation