different between castle vs base

English

Etymology

From Middle English castle, castel, from late Old English castel, castell (“a town, village, castle”), borrowed from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”), diminutive of Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”). Doublet of castell, castellum, and château. Parallel borrowings (from Late Latin or Old French) are Scots castel, castell (“castle”), West Frisian kastiel (“castle”), Dutch kasteel (“castle”), German Kastell (“castle”), Danish kastel (“citadel”), Swedish kastell (“citadel”), Icelandic kastali (“castle”), Welsh castell. The Middle English word was reinforced by Anglo-Norman/Old Northern French castel, itself from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”) (compare modern French château from Old French chastel). If Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”) is from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”), Latin casa (“cottage, hut”) is related. Possibly related also to Gothic ???????????????????? (h?þj?, “chamber”), Old English heaþor (“restraint, confinement, enclosure, prison”). See also casino, cassock.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: käs'(?)l, IPA^(key): /?k??s?l/, /k??sl?/
• Rhymes: -??s?l
• (US, Canada, Northern England) enPR: k?s'(?)l, IPA^(key): /?kæs?l/, /kæsl?/
• Rhymes: -æs?l

Noun

castle (plural castles)

1. A large building that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king.
2. (chess) An instance of castling.
3. (chess, informal) A rook; a chess piece shaped like a castle tower.
4. (shogi) A defense structure in shogi formed by defensive pieces surrounding the king.
5. (obsolete) A close helmet.
6. (dated) Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.
7. (dated) A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.
8. (cricket, colloquial) The wicket.
   • 1966, Gurdeep Singh, Cricket in Northern India (page 59)

     Nay, he was quite an adept, and was very effective as a change bowler, for in no time he demolished the castle of any batsman.

Usage notes

For the chess piece, chess players prefer the term rook.

Synonyms

• (building): fortress

Hyponyms

• (building): keep, motte and bailey

Coordinate terms

• (building): castellan (overseer); castellate, castellany (domain); incastle, castellate, incastellate (to make into a castle); castellate, castellated, incastled, incastellated (castle-like)

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• Appendix:Chess pieces

Verb

castle (third-person singular simple present castles, present participle castling, simple past and past participle castled)

1. (transitive) To house or keep in a castle.
   • 1611, John Florio, Queen Anna's New World of Words, s.v. "Castellare":

     ...to encastle, to Castle.

   • 1871, Robert Browning, "Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society", 116:

     ...Some fierce tribe, castled on the mountain-peak...

2. (transitive, figuratively) To protect or separate in a similar way.
   • 1655, William Gurnall, The Christian in Compleat Armour, 1st Pt., 32:

     Castle me in the armes of thy everlasting strength.

3. (obsolete) To make into a castle: to build in the form of a castle or add (real or imitation) battlements to an existing building.
   • c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, "The Parson's Tale":

     ...Bake metes and dish metes... peynted and castelled with papir...

4. (usually intransitive, chess) To move the king 2 squares right or left and, in the same turn, the nearest rook to the far side of the king. The move now has special rules: the king cannot be in, go through, or end in check; the squares between the king and rook must be vacant; and neither piece may have been moved before castling.
   • 1656, Francis Beale translating Gioachino Greco as The Royall Game of Chesse-Play, Being the Study of Biochimo, p. 8:

     He [i.e., the king] may change (or Castle) with this Rooke, that is, he may goe two draughts at once towards this Rooke... causing the Rooke to stand next to him on either side.

   • 1835, William Lewis, Chess for Beginners, Ch. 5, p. 24:

     No. 24. ¶ If your adversary make a false move, castle improperly, &c., you must take notice of such irregularity before you move, or even touch a piece, or you are no longer allowed to inflict any penalties.

5. (usually intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.
6. (cricket) To bowl a batsman with a full-length ball or yorker such that the stumps are knocked over.
   • 2009, BBC Sport, "Lightning Bolt Blows Over Gayle":

     And the 23-year-old brought the crowd to their feet when he castled Gayle's stumps, signalling the direction of the pavilion to his friend for good measure.

   • 2011, Firdose Moonda, ESPNcricinfo, "A Day for Missed Hat-tricks":

     He bowled Vinay with a full, straight ball that castled off stump and then dished up a yorker that RP Singh backed away to and sent onto his stumps.

Synonyms

• (to house in a castle): castellate, incastellate
• (to make into a castle): See fortify

Derived terms

• castle up, castle short, castle long

Translations

Anagrams

• CELTAs, Castel, cleats, eclats, sclate, éclats

Middle English

Noun

castle

1. Alternative form of castel

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: b?s, IPA^(key): /be?s/
• Hyphenation: base
• Rhymes: -e?s
• Homophone: bass

Etymology 1

From Middle English base, bas, baas, from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis). Doublet of basis.

Noun

base (plural bases)

1. Something from which other things extend; a foundation.
   1. A supporting, lower or bottom component of a structure or object.
2. The starting point of a logical deduction or thought; basis.
3. A permanent structure for housing military personnel and material.
4. The place where decisions for an organization are made; headquarters.
5. (cooking, painting, pharmacy) A basic but essential component or ingredient.
6. A substance used as a mordant in dyeing.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Ure to this entry?)

7. (cosmetics) Foundation: a cosmetic cream to make the face appear uniform.
8. (chemistry) Any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.
9. Important areas in games and sports.
   1. A safe zone in the children's games of tag and hide-and-go-seek.
   3. (baseball) One of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play.
10. (architecture) The lowermost part of a column, between the shaft and the pedestal or pavement.
11. (biology, biochemistry) A nucleotide's nucleobase in the context of a DNA or RNA biopolymer.
12. (botany) The end of a leaf, petal or similar organ where it is attached to its support.
13. (electronics) The name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).
14. (geometry) The lowest side of a in a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.
15. (heraldry) The lowest third of a shield or escutcheon.
16. (heraldry) The lower part of the field. See escutcheon.
17. (mathematics) A number raised to the power of an exponent.

    The logarithm to base 2 of 8 is 3.

18. (mathematics) Synonym of radix.
19. (topology) The set of sets from which a topology is generated.
20. (topology) A topological space, looked at in relation to one of its covering spaces, fibrations, or bundles.
21. (group theory) A sequence of elements not jointly stabilized by any nontrivial group element.
22. (acrobatics, cheerleading) In hand-to-hand balance, the person who supports the flyer; the person that remains in contact with the ground.
23. (linguistics) A morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.
24. (music) Dated form of bass.
    • 1682, John Dryden, Mac Flecknoe

      The trebles squeak for fear, the bases roar.

25. (military, historical) The smallest kind of cannon.
26. (archaic) The housing of a horse.
27. (historical, in the plural) A kind of skirt (often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mailed armour) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower.
28. (obsolete) The lower part of a robe or petticoat.
29. (obsolete) An apron.
    • 1613, John Marston, The Insatiate Countess

      bakers in their linen bases

30. A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Lyman to this entry?)

31. (politics) A group of voters who almost always support a single party's candidates for elected office.
32. (Marxism) The forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life.
33. A material that holds paint or other materials together; a binder.
34. (aviation) Short for base leg.

Synonyms

• (chemical compound that will neutralize an acid): alkali

Antonyms

• (chemical compound that will neutralize an alkali): acid
• (end of a leaf): apex

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

base (third-person singular simple present bases, present participle basing, simple past and past participle based)

1. (transitive) To give as its foundation or starting point; to lay the foundation of.
2. (transitive) To be located (at a particular place).
3. (acrobatics, cheerleading) To act as a base; to be the person supporting the flyer.
   • 2005, John T. Warren, Laura B. Lengel, Casting Gender: Women and Performance in Intercultural Context, ?ISBN, page 73:

     Apart from time taken out during radio- and chemotherapy, Maurs continued to participate in POW. She would base a flyer in a double balance and make the audience laugh with her clowning antics for two more shows.

Derived terms

• base on

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English base, bas, from Old French bas, from Late Latin bassus (“low”). Cognate with Spanish bajo, Italian basso and base.

Adjective

base (comparative baser or more base, superlative basest or most base)

1. (obsolete) Low in height; short.
2. Low in place or position.
3. (obsolete) Of low value or degree.

   • If thou livest in paine and sorrow, thy base courage is the cause of it, To die there wanteth but will.

4. (archaic) Of low social standing or rank; vulgar, common.
   • 1623, Francis Bacon, De Augmentis Scientiarum

     a peasant and base swain

5. Morally reprehensible, immoral; cowardly.
   • 1551, Ralph Robynson (translator}, More's Utopia

     a cruel act of a base and a cowardish mind
6. (now rare) Inferior; unworthy, of poor quality.
7. Designating those metals which are not classed as precious or noble.
8. Alloyed with inferior metal; debased.

9. (obsolete) Of illegitimate birth; bastard.
10. Not classical or correct.

    • base Latin

11. Obsolete form of bass.

12. (law) Not held by honourable service.

Usage notes

• Said of fellows, motives, occupations, etc.

Synonyms

• (low, short): little, petite, short
• (of position): low-lying, lowland
• (of value): See Thesaurus:insignificant
• (vulgar, common): common, low-born, lowly, plebeian, vulgar
• (immoral): See Thesaurus:despicable or Thesaurus:evil
• (of inferior quality): See Thesaurus:low-quality
• (describing metals):
• (of illegitimate birth): See Thesaurus:illegitimate
• (not classical):
• (not held by honourable service):

Antonyms

• likeable
• desirable
• admirable
• noble

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

Probably a specific use of Etymology 1, above; perhaps also a development of the plural of bar.

Noun

base (uncountable)

1. (now chiefly US, historical) The game of prisoners' bars. [from 15th c.]
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, V.8:

     So ran they all, as they had bene at bace, / They being chased that did others chase.

Etymology 4

Variant forms.

Noun

base

1. Alternative form of BASE

Derived terms

• base jumper
• base jumping

Further reading

• base on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Base in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
• base in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• base in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Abes, EABs, EBSA, baes

Afrikaans

Noun

base

1. plural of baas

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base

Related terms

• basar
• básicu

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /?ba.z?/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?ba.ze/

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base
2. basis
3. grounding
4. foundation

Derived terms

• base de dades

Related terms

• basar
• basal
• bàsic

Further reading

• “base” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Czech

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?bas?]

Noun

base

1. dative singular of basa
2. locative singular of basa
3. vocative singular of bas
4. locative singular of bas

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?ba?z?]

Noun

base f

1. Obsolete form of báze.

Declension

Danish

Noun

base c (singular definite basen, plural indefinite baser)

1. (chemistry) base (generally understood to be a Brønsted-Lowry base)
2. (military) base
3. headquarters

Declension

Synonyms

• (headquarters): hovedkvarter

Dutch

Alternative forms

• basis (obsolete in this sense)

Etymology

Borrowed from French base, from Latin basis. Doublet of basis. Also a distant doublet of komst, via Proto-Indo-European *g???tis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?.z?/
• Hyphenation: ba?se
• Rhymes: -a?z?

Noun

base f (plural basen, diminutive basetje n)

1. (chemistry) base (class of compounds), alkali

Synonyms

• loog

Antonyms

• zuur

Derived terms

• basisch
• basenpaar
• basenvolgorde
• Lewisbase

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: basa

References

• “base” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

French

Etymology

From Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baz/, /b?z/
• (France) IPA^(key): [baz]
• (Quebec, formal) IPA^(key): [b??z]
• (Quebec, informal) IPA^(key): [b???z]

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base (bottom part of something)
2. base (safe place)
3. base, basis (fundamental belief)
4. (chemistry) base

Derived terms

Further reading

• “base” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Galician

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base

Related terms

• basear
• básico

Italian

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba.ze/

Noun

base f (plural basi)

1. base, alkaline
2. basis
3. (figuratively) mainstay

Antonyms

• sommità, altezza

Related terms

• basare
• basico
• basilare
• di base
• in base a

Latin

Noun

base

1. ablative singular of basis

Middle English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ?????? (básis), from Proto-Indo-European *g?émtis.

Alternative forms

• bace, bas, baas, basse

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?s(?)/

Noun

base (plural bases)

1. A foundation or base; the bottom of a building.
2. The foundation, base, or bottom of a column, statue, or vase.
3. (rare) Padding inserted below a horse's bridle.
4. (rare) A hand's palm; the section of a hand below the fingers.
5. (rare) The bottom portion of a dress.
6. (rare, alchemy) The mix of metals used as a base for alchemical operations.

Descendants

• English: base
• Scots: base

References

• “b?s(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-03.

Etymology 2

Adjective

base

1. Alternative form of bas

Etymology 3

Noun

base

1. Alternative form of bace

Moore

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bà.se/

Verb

base

1. to leave
2. to cancel, stop, cease
3. to abandon, throw away

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /?pase/

Verb

base

1. inflection of bassit:
   1. present indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular imperative
   3. imperative connegative

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From English base, and French base (“in chemistry”)

Noun

base m (definite singular basen, indefinite plural baser, definite plural basene)

1. (chemistry, military, general) a base

Derived terms

References

• “base” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English base, and French base (“in chemistry”)

Noun

base m (definite singular basen, indefinite plural basar, definite plural basane)

1. (chemistry, military, general) a base

Derived terms

• basisk
• database
• marinebase
• militærbase

References

• “base” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Noun

base f (oblique plural bases, nominative singular base, nominative plural bases)

1. base (bottom part; supporting part)

Descendants

• French: base
• ? Middle English: base, bace, bas, baas, basse
  • English: base
  • Scots: base

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (base, supplement)

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /?ba.z?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?ba.zi/, [?bä.z??]

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. basis
2. base
3. (chemistry) base
4. groundwork

Antonyms

• (chemistry): acid

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?base/, [?ba.se]

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base
2. basis
3. (linear algebra) basis
   • Base on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^es
4. grounding
5. foundation
6. (basketball) point guard
   • Base on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^es
7. (baseball) base

Derived terms

• a base de
• a base de bien
• barrebases
• base de datos
• placa base

Related terms

• basar
• basal
• básico

Verb

base

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of basar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of basar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of basar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of basar.

Venetian

Adjective

base f

1. feminine plural of baso