different between castigate vs whip

English

Etymology

Early 17th cent., borrowed from Latin cast?g?tus, past participle of cast?g? (“I reprove”), from castus (“pure, chaste”), from Proto-Indo-European *kesa (“cut”). Doublet of chastise, taken through Old French. See also chaste.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA^(key): /?kæs.t?.?e?t/, /?kæs.t?.?e?t/

Verb

castigate (third-person singular simple present castigates, present participle castigating, simple past and past participle castigated)

1. (transitive, formal) To punish or reprimand someone severely.
   • 1999, Robert P. Gordon, I & II Samuel: A Commentary, Zondervan, p. 264:

     Perhaps disarmed by his own scandalous behaviour with Bathsheba, he was in no position to castigate his son for a similar fault.

2. (transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism.
   • 2016, Halil Berktay, Suraiya Faroqhi, New Approaches to State and Peasant in Ottoman History, Routledge, p. 150:

     But despite all this, for Barkan, the universalist notion of an 'Ottoman feudalism' was anathema: he castigated this idea as the concentrated expression of the anti-Ottomanism of the Kemalist Enlightenment.

   • 2001, Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr, Tom Johnstone, Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Oxford University Press, p. 59:

     Lewis should have castigated the reasoning employed rather than the emotion, which offers no clue as to which side of the argument a person will adopt.

   • 2012, James King, Under Foreign Eyes: Western Cinematic Adaptations of Postwar Japan, John Hunt Publishing, p. 1:

     From the outset, this issue becomes an often double-edged sword wherein Japan is both valorized and castigated.

3. (transitive, rare) To revise or make corrections to a publication.

Synonyms

• (to punish severely): chastise, punish, rebuke, reprimand
• (to criticize severely): condemn, lambaste
• (to revise a publication): correct, revise
• See also Thesaurus:reprehend

Translations

References

Italian

Adjective

castigate

1. feminine plural of castigato

Verb

castigate

1. second-person plural present indicative of castigare
2. second-person plural imperative of castigare
3. feminine plural of castigato

Latin

Verb

cast?g?te

1. second-person plural present active imperative of cast?g?

References

• castigate in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

English

Etymology

From Middle English whippen, wippen (“to flap violently”), from Middle Dutch wippen (“to swing, leap, dance, oscillate”) and Middle Low German wippen (“to move quickly”), from Proto-Germanic *wipjan? (“to move back and forth”). Some similarity to Sanskrit root ???? (vep, “shake, flourish”), Latin vibr? (“I shake”). (See Swedish vippa and Danish vippe (“to shake”)).

Pronunciation

• enPR: w?p, IPA^(key): /w?p/
• Rhymes: -?p
• enPR: hw?p, IPA^(key): /??p/

Noun

whip (plural whips)

1. A lash; a pliant, flexible instrument, such as a rod (commonly of cane or rattan) or a plaited or braided rope or thong (commonly of leather) used to create a sharp "crack" sound for directing or herding animals.
   1. The same instrument used to strike a person or animal for corporal punishment or torture.

2. A blow administered with a whip.
   • 1832, The Atheneum (volume 31, page 493)

     I had hardly said the word, when Kit jumped into the saddle, and gave his horse a whip and a spur — and off it cantered, as if it were in as great a hurry to be married as Kit himself.

3. (hunting) A whipper-in.
   • 1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin 2013, p. 27:

     From the far side of the wood came the long shrill screech […] which signifies that one of the whips has viewed the fox quitting the covert.

4. (politics) A member of a political party who is in charge of enforcing the party's policies in votes.

5. (UK politics, with definite article) A document distributed weekly to MPs by party whips informing them of upcoming votes in parliament.
6. Whipped cream.

7. (nautical) A purchase in which one block is used to gain a 2:1 mechanical advantage.
8. (African-American Vernacular) A mode of personal motorized transportation; an automobile, all makes and models including motorcycles, excluding public transportation.
   • 2017, Stormzy, Return of the Rucksack

     Big whip I'm underground parking

9. (roller derby) A move in which one player transfers momentum to another.
10. A whipping motion; a thrashing about.

11. The quality of being whiplike or flexible; suppleness, as of the shaft of a golf club.
12. Any of various pieces that operate with a quick vibratory motion
    1. A spring in certain electrical devices for making a circuit
    2. (music) A wippen, a rocking component in certain piano actions.
13. (historical) A coach driver; a coachman.

Synonyms

• (last for directing animals): crop (especially for horses), dressage whip (especially for horses), driving whip (especially for horses), jumping bat (especially for horses), flail, knout, lash, quirt, scourge, sjambok (South African), thong
• (lash for corporal punishment): cat (nautical), flail, knout, lash, quirt, scourge, sjambok (South African), thong
• (political party enforcer): party whip

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

• whip snake

Translations

Verb

whip (third-person singular simple present whips, present participle whipping, simple past and past participle whipped)

1. (transitive) To hit with a whip.

2. (transitive, by extension) To hit with any flexible object.

3. (transitive, slang) To defeat, as in a contest or game.
4. (transitive) To mix in a rapid aerating fashion, especially food.

5. (transitive) To urge into action or obedience.

6. (transitive, politics) To enforce a member voting in accordance with party policy.
7. (transitive, nautical) To bind the end of a rope with twine or other small stuff to prevent its unlaying: fraying or unravelling.
   • 1677-1683, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick exercises

     Its string […] is firmly whipt about with small Gut

8. (transitive, nautical) To hoist or purchase by means of a whip.
9. To sew lightly; specifically, to form (a fabric) into gathers by loosely overcasting the rolled edge and drawing up the thread.

   • In half-whipped muslin needles useless lie.

10. (transitive) To throw or kick an object at a high velocity.
11. (transitive, intransitive) To fish a body of water especially by making repeated casts.
    • 1858, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Adirondac

      whipping its rough surface for a trout

12. (intransitive) To snap back and forth like a whip.

13. (intransitive) To move very fast.
    • 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson, Strange Case Of Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde

      He looked up when I came in, gave a kind of cry, and whipped upstairs into the cabinet. It was but for one minute that I saw him, but the hair stood upon my head like quills.

14. (transitive) To move (something) very fast; often with up, out, etc.
    • 1742, Horace Walpole, letter to Sir Horace Mann

      He whips out his pocketbook every moment, and writes descriptions of everything he sees.

15. (transitive, roller derby) To transfer momentum from one skater to another.
16. (figuratively) To lash with sarcasm, abuse, etc.
17. To thrash; to beat out, as grain, by striking.

Synonyms

• (to hit with a whip): Thesaurus:whip
• (to move very fast): flail
• thrash
• thresh

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• ghost ride the whip

References

• Samuel Johnson, John Walker, Robert S. Jameson: 1828. A dictionary of the English language 2nd edition. Publisher: William Pickering, 1828. 831 pages. Page 818. Google Public Domain Books : [2]

Further reading

• whip in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• whip at OneLook Dictionary Search