different between candidate vs rack

English

Etymology

From Latin candid?tus (“a person who is standing for public office”), from candidus (“dazzling white, shining, clear”) + -?tus (an adjectival suffix), in reference to Roman candidates wearing bleached white togas as a symbol of purity at a public forum.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?kæn.d?d?t/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?kæn.d?.de?t/, /?kæn.d?.d?t/
• (US, colloquially) IPA^(key): /?kæn.?.d?t/, /?kæn.?.de?t/

Noun

candidate (plural candidates)

1. A person who is running in an election.

2. A person who is applying for a job.

3. A participant in an examination.

4. Something or somebody that may be suitable.
5. (genetics) A gene which may play a role in a given disease.

Derived terms

• candidacy
• Manchurian candidate
• release candidate

Related terms

Translations

Verb

candidate (third-person singular simple present candidates, present participle candidating, simple past and past participle candidated)

1. (uncommon) To stand as a candidate for an office, especially a religious one.
   • 1906, Year Book of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, page 196:

     The matter of candidating for a pulpit is not a matter of difference between congregations and Rabbis, but between Rabbis themselves.

   • 2014, Susan H. Jones, Listening for God's Call, SCM Press (?ISBN), page 74:

     The report Shaping the Future also gives a set of learning outcomes for those people candidating for ordained ministry. These were also agreed by the Methodist Conference.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:candidated.
2. (nonstandard, chiefly in jargon and non-native speakers' English) To make or name (something) a candidate (for use, for study as a next project, for investigation as a possible cause of something, etc).
   • 1982, Brian O'Leary, Space industrialization, CRC:

     Performance comparison of solar energy conversion candidated for SPS. (From NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston 1977.)

   • 1989, Institution of Electrical Engineers. Electronics Division, European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, 5-8 September 1989, Peter Peregrinus Limited (?ISBN):

     In this program if a processor becomes idle, then all feasible activities requiring that kind of processor will be candidated for scheduling. If the number of candidates is more than the number of available processors, activities with higher priority ...

   • 2005, Khaled M. Khan, Yan Zhang, Managing Corporate Information Systems Evolution and Maintenance, IGI Global (?ISBN), page 308:

     Evaluate the maintenance costs of the software system in order to candidate it for evolution AA14. Evaluate the hardware platform used and the possibility of migrating the software system toward more economical platforms ...

References

French

Noun

candidate f (plural candidates)

1. female equivalent of candidat

Further reading

• “candidate” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Noun

candidate f

1. plural of candidata

Verb

candidate

1. second-person plural present indicative of candidare
2. second-person plural imperative of candidare
3. feminine plural of candidato

Latin

Noun

candid?te

1. vocative singular of candid?tus

Norman

Noun

candidate f (plural candidates)

1. female equivalent of candidat

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kandi?date/, [kãn?.d?i?ð?a.t?e]

Verb

candidate

1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of candidatar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of candidatar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of candidatar.
4. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of candidatar.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?æk/
• Rhymes: -æk
• Homophone: wrack

Etymology 1

From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken.

Noun

rack (plural racks)

1. A series of one or more shelves, stacked one above the other
2. Any of various kinds of frame for holding luggage or other objects on a vehicle or vessel.

   Synonym: luggage rack

3. (historical) A device, incorporating a ratchet, used to torture victims by stretching them beyond their natural limits.
4. (nautical) A piece or frame of wood, having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes.

   Synonym: rack block

5. (nautical, slang) A bunk.
6. (nautical, by extension, slang, uncountable) Sleep.
7. A distaff.
8. (mechanical engineering) A bar with teeth on its face or edge, to work with those of a gearwheel, pinion#, or worm, which is to drive or be driven by it.
9. (mechanical engineering) A bar with teeth on its face or edge, to work with a pawl as a ratchet allowing movement in one direction only, used for example in a handbrake or crossbow.
10. A cranequin, a mechanism including a rack, pinion and pawl, providing both mechanical advantage and a ratchet, used to bend and cock a crossbow.
11. A set of antlers (as on deer, moose or elk).
12. A cut of meat involving several adjacent ribs.

13. (billiards, snooker) A hollow triangle used for aligning the balls at the start of a game.
14. (slang, vulgar) A woman's breasts.

    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:breasts

15. (climbing, caving) A friction device for abseiling, consisting of a frame with five or more metal bars, around which the rope is threaded.

16. (climbing, slang) A climber's set of equipment for setting up protection and belays, consisting of runners, slings, carabiners, nuts, Friends, etc.

17. A grate on which bacon is laid.
18. (obsolete) That which is extorted; exaction.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir E. Sandys to this entry?)

19. (algebra) A set with a distributive binary operation whose result is unique.
20. (Britain, slang) A thousand pounds (£1,000), especially if proceeds of crime

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. To place in or hang on a rack.
2. To torture (someone) on the rack.
   • 1563, John Foxe, Actes and Monuments

     He was racked and miserably tormented.

   • 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin 2012, p. 228:

     As the poet Sir Thomas Wyatt later recalled, his father, Henry VII's jewel-house keeper Henry Wyatt, had been racked on the orders of Richard III, who had sat there and watched.

3. To cause (someone) to suffer pain.
4. (figuratively) To stretch or strain; to harass, or oppress by extortion.
   • The landlords there most shamefully rack their tenants.

   • 1645, Thomas Fuller, Good Thoughts in Bad Times

     Grant that I may never rack a Scripture simile beyond the true intent thereof

5. (billiards, snooker, pool) To put the balls into the triangular rack and set them in place on the table.

   Synonym: rack up

6. (slang, transitive) To strike (a person) in the testicles.
7. (firearms) To (manually) load (a round of ammunition) from the magazine or belt into firing position in an automatic or semiautomatic firearm.
8. (firearms) To move the slide bar on a shotgun in order to chamber the next round.
9. (mining) To wash (metals, ore, etc.) on a rack.
10. (nautical) To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc.
11. (structural engineering) Tending to shear a structure (that is, force it to move in different directions at different points).

    Synonym: shear

Usage notes

In senses “torture” and “suffer pain”, frequently confused with wrack (“destroy”) (more rarely, wrack (“wreckage”)), both as stand-alone verb and in compounds. In most uses, rack is correct, and wrack is incorrect. Etymologically, nerve-racking (“stressful”), pain-racked, and rack one's brain, rack one's brains (“think hard”) are correct, while rack and ruin and storm-racked are incorrect, variants of wrack and ruin (“complete destruction”) and storm-wracked (“wrecked by a storm”).

Usage guidance differs: either prefer the etymologically correct term, prefer rack to (archaic) wrack, or use either. The etymologically correct forms are preferred by some style guides, but the unetymological forms are well-established and in wide use, and other style guides simply consider them variant spellings. Other style guides categorically ban wrack as archaic, suggesting modern synonyms like wreck, ruin, or destroy. In some cases style guides are confused by the etymology, or feature unhistorical forms such as nerve-wracking.

This confusion dates to Early Modern English in the 16th century (as in rack and ruin), and is presumably due to the influence of ?wr? in words such as wreak, wreck, wrench, etc., which connote discomfort and torment. Formally termed the graphaesthesia of the graphaestheme ?wr?, since identical sound /r/ to ?r?; compare with phonaesthesia. Compare rapt/wrapt, and also ?gh? as in ghost, ghastly, ghoul.

Derived terms

• nerve-racking
• pain-racked
• rack one's brain, rack one's brains

Translations

Etymology 2

From Old English re??an (“to stretch out, extend”).

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. To stretch a person's joints.

Derived terms

• rack one's brain

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English reken, from Old Norse reka (“to be drifted, tost”)

The noun is from Middle English rak, rakke, from Middle English rek (“drift; thing tossed ashore; jetsam”), from the verb.

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. To drive; move; go forward rapidly; stir
2. To fly, as vapour or broken clouds

Translations

Noun

rack (uncountable)

1. Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapour in the sky.
   • 1851, Charles Kingsley, Three Fishers

     And the night rack came rolling up.

   • 1607, William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, Act IV, scene 14

     Sometime we see a cloud that's dragonish ... That which is now a horse ... The rack dislimns, and makes it indistinct

Etymology 4

From Middle English rakken.

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. (brewing) To clarify, and thereby deter further fermentation of, beer, wine or cider by draining or siphoning it from the dregs.

Translations

Etymology 5

See rack (“that which stretches”), or rock (verb).

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. (of a horse) To amble fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Fuller to this entry?)

Noun

rack (plural racks)

1. A fast amble.

Etymology 6

See wreck.

Noun

rack (plural racks)

1. (obsolete) A wreck; destruction.

   • All goes to rack.

Derived terms

• rack and ruin

Etymology 7

Noun

rack (plural racks)

1. (obsolete) A young rabbit, or its skin.

Etymology 8

Noun

rack

1. Alternative form of arak

References

Further reading

• rack on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• rack (billiards) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• cark

Spanish

Noun

rack m (plural racks)

1. rack