different between bunker vs fortification

English

Etymology

The military sense of the word was imported from German into English during World War II. Other senses came from Scots, possibly related to bunk.

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /?b??k?/
• Rhymes: -??k?(r)

Noun

bunker (plural bunkers)

1. (military) A hardened shelter, often buried partly or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks.
2. (Britain) A large container or bin for storing coal, often built outside in the yard of a house. Now rare, as different types of fuels and energy sources are being used.
3. (nautical) A container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship's engine. [Also, by extension] the quantity of fuel needed to replenish that container.
4. (rail transport) the coal compartment on a tank engine.
5. (golf) A sand-filled hollow on a golf course.
6. (paintball) An obstacle used to block an opposing player's view and field of fire.
7. (Scotland) A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid of which serves for a seat.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Jamieson to this entry?)

8. (Scotland, slang) A kitchen worktop.
9. (Britain, slang) One who bunks off; a truant from school.
10. Certain fish, menhaden.

Derived terms

• bunkering
• bunker fuel
• bunker oil

Translations

Verb

bunker (third-person singular simple present bunkers, present participle bunkering, simple past and past participle bunkered)

1. (nautical) To load a vessel with oil or coal for the engine.
2. (golf) To hit a golf ball into a bunker.
3. (paintball) To fire constantly at a hiding opponent, preventing them from firing at other players and trapping them behind the barrier. This can also refer to eliminating an opponent behind cover by rushing the position and firing at extremely close range as the player becomes exposed.

Derived terms

• bunkerage
• bunkerer
• bunkering

Translations

References

• “bunker” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
• “bunker”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

Anagrams

• Brunke

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English bunker.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?b??.k?r/
• Hyphenation: bun?ker
• Rhymes: -??k?r

Noun

bunker m (plural bunkers, diminutive bunkertje n)

1. bunker (low-lying fortification built into the landscape)

   Synonym: kazemat

2. (golf) bunker (hole with a surface of sand or dirt, placed on a golf course as a barrier)
3. bunker, cargo hold, storage room

Derived terms

• atoombunker
• bunkeren
• rukbunker

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: bunker

French

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Bunker

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bu?.k??/, /bu?.kœ?/

Noun

bunker m (plural bunkers)

1. (military) bunker

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bunker

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bœ?.kœ?/

Noun

bunker m (plural bunkers)

1. (golf) bunker

Further reading

• “bunker” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch bunker, from English bunker, from German Bunker.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?b??k?r]
• Hyphenation: bung?kêr

Noun

bunker (plural bunker-bunker, first-person possessive bunkerku, second-person possessive bunkermu, third-person possessive bunkernya)

1. bunker
   1. (military) a hardened shelter, often buried partly or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks.
   2. (nautical) a container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship's engine.

Alternative forms

• bunker, bangker, banker

Further reading

• “bunker” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Noun

bunker m

1. indefinite plural of bunke

Etymology 2

From English bunker

Noun

bunker m (definite singular bunkeren, indefinite plural bunkere, definite plural bunkerne)

1. bunker (storage for fuel on a ship)
2. bunker (reinforced shelter)
3. bunker (on a golf course)

Derived terms

• bunkerolje
• bunkre

Related terms

• bunkers (fuel oil, military bunker)

References

• “bunker” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English bunker

Noun

bunker m (definite singular bunkeren, indefinite plural bunkerar, definite plural bunkerane)

1. bunker (storage for fuel on a ship)
2. bunker (reinforced shelter)
3. bunker (on a golf course)

Derived terms

• bunkre

Related terms

• bunkers (fuel oil, militsry bunker)

References

• “bunker” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Noun

bunker m (plural bunkeres)

1. bunker

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b?nker/
• Hyphenation: bun?ker

Noun

bùnker m (Cyrillic spelling ???????)

1. bunker (hardened shelter)
2. bunker (container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship's engine)

Declension

Spanish

Noun

bunker m (plural bunkers)

1. bunker

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French fortification, from Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem, from fortifico, from Latin fortis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?f??(?)t?f??ke???n/, /?f??(?)t?f??ke???n/
• Rhymes: -e???n

Noun

fortification (countable and uncountable, plural fortifications)

1. The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places to strengthen defence against an enemy.
2. That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.
   • “[…] We are engaged in a great work, a treatise on our river fortifications, perhaps? But since when did army officers afford the luxury of amanuenses in this simple republic? […] ”

3. An increase in effectiveness, as by adding ingredients.
   • 1979, Kiplinger's Personal Finance (volume 33, number 7, July 1979, page 47)

     Compare the nutrition information label of a regular ready-to-eat fortified cereal with that of a presweetened brand and you'll note that, although the sweetened one's sugar content is higher, the fortification is virtually identical.

4. A jagged pattern sometimes seen during an attack of migraine.

Derived terms

• biofortification

Related terms

• fortify

Translations

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem, from fortifico, from Latin fortis.

Pronunciation

Noun

fortification f (plural fortifications)

1. fortification (all meanings)

Related terms

• fortifier

Further reading

• “fortification” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).