different between bourgeoisification vs bourgeois
bourgeoisification
English
Etymology
bourgeois +? -ification (“becoming”)
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -e???n
Noun
bourgeoisification (usually uncountable, plural bourgeoisifications)
- (humorous) The process of adopting or the condition of adopting the characteristics of the bourgeoisie; embourgeoisement.
- 2001, Mark Seymour, "Pasolini, Pier Paolo" in Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon (eds.), Who's Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History, from World War II to the Present Day, London and New York: Routledge, p. 316,
- In early 1975 he declared himself against abortion, claiming that the so-called sexual revolution was part of the bourgeoisification of the masses.
- 2001, Mark Seymour, "Pasolini, Pier Paolo" in Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon (eds.), Who's Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History, from World War II to the Present Day, London and New York: Routledge, p. 316,
Synonyms
- embourgeoisement
Translations
See also
- upwardly mobile
bourgeoisification From the web:
- what does bourgeois ification mean
- what is bourgeoisification mean
bourgeois
English
Alternative forms
- burgeois
Etymology 1
Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /?b???.w??/, /?b???.w??/
- (US) IPA(key): /bu(?)?.?w??/, /?bu(?)?.w??/, /?b???.w??/
Adjective
bourgeois (comparative more bourgeois, superlative most bourgeois)
- Of or relating to the middle class, (often derogatory) their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values.
- bourgeois opinion
- (historical) Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime.
- (Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat.
Synonyms
- (conventional, conservative): square
Derived terms
- bougie
- bourgeoisification
- bourgeoisify
- bourgie
- de-bourgeoisify
Translations
Noun
bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)
- (politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class.
- (rare) An individual member of the middle class.
- (usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes.
- (historical) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime.
- (Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat.
Related terms
- bourgeoise
- bourgeoisie
- embourgeoisement
Translations
Verb
bourgeois (third-person singular simple present bourgeoises, present participle bourgeoising, simple past and past participle bourgeoised)
- (transitive) To make bourgeois.
Further reading
- "bourgeois" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 45.
Etymology 2
From Middle English burjois, from French Bourgois, probably from Bourges (“the French city”) + -ois (“forming adjectives”) but possibly from bourgeois above or from Jean de Bouregois who worked as a printer in Rouen c. 1500.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /b???d???s/
- (US) IPA(key): /b???d???s/, enPR: b?r-?jois
Noun
bourgeois (uncountable)
- (printing, dated) A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point.
Synonyms
- (Continental printing): galliard
Derived terms
- double bourgeois
Translations
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from French bourgeois.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bur???a?/
- Hyphenation: bour?geois
- Rhymes: -a?
Noun
bourgeois m (plural bourgeois, diminutive bourgeoistje n)
- bourgeois
Related terms
- bourgeoisie
- burgerij
Descendants
- ? Indonesian: borjuis
French
Etymology
From Old French borgeis (“town dweller”), from borc (“fortified place, town”), from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”), from Proto-Indo-European *b?r???s (“fortified elevation”). The path from Proto-Germanic to Old French is unclear. Perhaps via Frankish *burg or Late Latin burgus, or possibly both, and probably through the Late Latin [Term?] intermediate burgensis. Compare Italian borghese, Portuguese burguês, Spanish burgués.
Synchronically analysable as bourg +? -ois.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bu?.?wa/
Adjective
bourgeois (feminine singular bourgeoise, masculine plural bourgeois, feminine plural bourgeoises)
- bourgeois
Derived terms
- bourgeoisement
- embourgeoiser
Noun
bourgeois m (plural bourgeois, feminine bourgeoise)
- member of the middle class
- bourgeois
Synonyms
- bourge (slang)
Derived terms
- bourgeoisie
- parloir aux bourgeois
Descendants
Further reading
- “bourgeois” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
German
Etymology
From French bourgeois, name for a wealthy class of French citizens in the late 18th century.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /b?r??u?a?/, [b?????a?], [?b??.?u?a?], [b???-] (standard; basic form)
- IPA(key): /b?r??u?a?z-/ (standard; inflected forms)
- IPA(key): /b?r??u?a?(s-)/ (often in southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland)
Adjective
bourgeois (comparative bourgeoiser, superlative am bourgeoisesten)
- bourgeois
- snobbish, elitist (in the context of the upper middle class)
Declension
Further reading
- “bourgeois” in Duden online
bourgeois From the web:
- what bourgeoisie means
- what bourgeois mean
- what's bourgeois in french
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- bourgeois what does it mean
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