different between blat vs blast

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /blæt/
• Rhymes: -æt

Etymology 1

Imitative. First attested in 1846 in the intransitive sense of "bleat". Compare English bleat, Old English bl?tan (“to bleat”).

Verb

blat (third-person singular simple present blats, present participle blatting, simple past and past participle blatted)

1. (intransitive) To cry, as a calf or sheep; bleat.
2. (intransitive) To make a senseless noise.
   • 1991, Stephen King, Needful Things

     A moment later the engine roared into life. Exhaust blatted through the straight-pipes; people stopped on the street to look.

3. To talk inconsiderately; blab.
4. To produce an overrich or overblown sound on a brass instrument such as a trumpet, trombone, or tuba.
5. (transitive) To utter loudly or foolishly; blurt.

Translations

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ???? (blat), from Polish blat (“cover, umbrella”) or Yiddish ?????? (blat, “leaf, list”). Doublet of blade.

Noun

blat (uncountable)

1. The Soviet system of connections and social relationships; one's social or business network (in Russian or Soviet society).

   Synonym: guanxi (from Chinese)

   • 2005, Adam Czarnota, Martin Krygier, Wojciech Sadurski, Rethinking the Rule of Law After Communism, page 334:

     The bribe caused the inflation of the social capital defined as blat. Monetarization of social relations led to the inflation of the social investments that the ordinary citizen has put in their blat networks. Only blat networks of the powerful survived ...

   • 2017, Joseph S. Berliner, "Blat", in David Twichell, The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore of the Mississippi bar, age 326:

     The distinction between the use of blat for personal enrichment and for smoothing the work of the enterprise was emphasized in the interview testimony. [...] The supply agent, for example, often has large quantities of money at his disposal for arranging his blat, much of which he might use for himself but which he devotes instead to making deals of advantage to the enterprise.

Translations

Anagrams

• Balt, Balt.

Catalan

Etymology

From Medieval Latin bl?dum, from Frankish *bl?d (“field produce”), from Proto-Germanic *bl?daz, *bl?d? (“flower, leaf”), from Proto-Indo-European *b?leh?- (“to flower; leaf”). Compare French blé.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?blat/
• Rhymes: -at

Noun

blat m (uncountable)

1. wheat

Derived terms

• blat de moro

Further reading

• “blat” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bla?t/

Noun

blat m

1. collective of blata: several rocks; rock as a mass or material

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *blat, from Proto-West Germanic *blad, from Proto-Germanic *blad?.

Noun

blat n

1. leaf
2. page (of a book)
3. panel (in a door)
4. tongue, blade
5. any flat surface or object

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: blad
  • Afrikaans: blad
• Limburgish: blaad

Further reading

• “blat”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “blat (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I

Occitan

Etymology

From Medieval Latin bl?dum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /blat/

Noun

blat m (plural blats)

1. wheat

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *blait, from Proto-Germanic *blaitaz. Cognate with Old High German bleizza (“stain, blue, livor”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bl??t/

Adjective

bl?t (comparative bl?tra, superlative bl?tast, adverb bl?te)

1. pale, livid, ghastly

Declension

Derived terms

• bl?tian

Related terms

• bl?tan

Descendants

• Middle English: *blat, *blate, *blot, *blote
  • >? Scots: blate, blait

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *blad, from Proto-Germanic *blad?, whence also Old Saxon blad, Old English blæd, Old Norse blað. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *b?l?h?oto-, from *b?leh?-.

Noun

blat n (plural bletir)

1. leaf

Descendants

• Middle High German: blat
  • Alemannic German: Blatt

    Swabian: [Term?]

  • Central Franconian: Blatt, Blat

    Hunsrik: Blaat

    Luxembourgish: Blat

  • East Central German:

    Upper Saxon: [Term?]

    Vilamovian: b?ot

  • East Franconian: [Term?]
  • German: Blatt
  • Rhine Franconian: Blaat, Blatt

    Pennsylvania German: Blatt

  • Yiddish: ?????? (blat)

Polish

Etymology

From German Blatt, from Middle High German blat, plat, from Old High German blat, from Proto-West Germanic *blad, from Proto-Germanic *blad?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /blat/

Noun

blat

1. the flat surface of a table

Romanian

Etymology 1

From German Blatt, from Middle High German blat, plat, from Old High German blat, from Proto-West Germanic *blad (“leaf”), from Proto-Germanic *blad? (“leaf”); akin to Low German Blatt, Dutch blad, English blade, Danish and Swedish blad. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ?????? (phúllon), Latin folium.

Noun

blat n (plural blaturi)

1. (cooking) sheet, layer

Etymology 2

From Russian ???? (blat, “cronyism”), from Polish blat (“the flat surface of a table”) or Yiddish ?????? (blat), from German Blatt, from Middle High German blat, plat, from Old High German blat, from Proto-West Germanic *blad (“leaf”), from Proto-Germanic *blad? (“leaf”).

Noun

blat n (plural blaturi)

1. (slang) illegal activity, particularly travelling on a train without a ticket.
2. (soccer) match fixing

Derived terms

• blatist
• bl?tui

Declension

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bläst, IPA^(key): /bl??st/
• (US) enPR: bl?st, IPA^(key): /blæst/
• Rhymes: -??st
• Rhymes: -æst

Etymology 1

From Middle English blast from Old English bl?st (“blowing, blast”), from Proto-Germanic *bl?staz, *bl?stuz (“blowing, blast”). Cognate with obsolete German Blast (“wind, blowing”). More at blow.

Noun

blast (plural blasts)

2. A violent gust of wind.

   • And see where surly Winter passes off, / Far to the north, and calls his ruffian blasts; / His blasts obey, and quit the howling hill.

3. A forcible stream of gas or liquid from an orifice, for example from a bellows, the mouth, etc.
4. A hit from a pipe.
5. The continuous blowing to which one charge of ore or metal is subjected in a furnace

   many tons of iron were melted at a blast

   • 1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, p. 146:

     Blast was produced by bellows worked by four 'blowers', three of whom worked at a time while the fourth stood ready to replace one of the others.

6. The exhaust steam from an engine, driving a column of air out of a boiler chimney, and thus creating an intense draught through the fire; also, any draught produced by the blast.
7. An explosion, especially for the purpose of destroying a mass of rock, etc.
8. An explosive charge for blasting.
   • 1852-1854, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts

     Large blasts are often used.

9. A loud, sudden sound.
   • c. 1832, William Cullen Bryant, The Battle-Field

     the blast of triumph o'er thy grave
10. A sudden, pernicious effect, as if by a noxious wind, especially on animals and plants; a blight.

    • By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed.
11. (figuratively, informal) A good time; an enjoyable moment.

    We had a blast at the party last night.

12. (marketing) A promotional message sent to an entire mailing list.

    an e-mail blast; a fax blast

13. A flatulent disease of sheep.

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English blasten, blesten, from Old English bl?stan (“to blow, blast”), from Proto-Germanic *bl?stijan?. Compare Middle High German blesten (“to stand out, plop, splash”).

Verb

blast (third-person singular simple present blasts, present participle blasting, simple past and past participle blasted)

1. (transitive) To make an impression on, by making a loud blast or din.
2. (intransitive) To make a loud noise.
3. (transitive) To shatter, as if by an explosion.
4. (transitive) To open up a hole in, usually by means of a sudden and imprecise method (such as an explosion).

   Blast right through it.

5. (transitive) To curse; to damn.

   Blast it! Foiled again.

6. (transitive) (sci-fi) To shoot, especially with an energy weapon (as opposed to one which fires projectiles).

   Chewbacca blasted the Stormtroopers with his laser rifle.

7. (soccer) To shoot; kick the ball in hope of scoring a goal.
8. To criticize or reprimand severely; to verbally discipline or punish.

   My manager suddenly blasted me yesterday for being a little late to work for five days in a row, because I was never getting myself up on time.

9. (transitive) To bring destruction or ruin on; to destroy.
10. (transitive) To blight or wither.

    A cold wind blasted the rose plants.

11. (intransitive, obsolete) To be blighted or withered.

    The bud blasted in the blossom.

12. (intransitive, obsolete) To blow, for example on a trumpet.

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Italian: blastare

Translations

Interjection

blast

1. (chiefly British, informal) To show displeasure or disappointment; damn

Usage notes

Can be used on its own or in the form "blast it!".

Translations

Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek ??????? (blastós, “germ or sprout”).

Noun

blast (plural blasts)

1. (cytology) An immature or undifferentiated cell (e.g., lymphoblast, myeloblast).

Derived terms

• blast cell
• blastocyte
• blastoma

Translations

Etymology 4

From BLAST (an acronym for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool).

Verb

blast (third-person singular simple present blasts, present participle blasting, simple past and past participle blasted)

1. (biology, informal, transitive) To run a nucleotide sequence (for nucleic acids) or an amino acid sequence (for proteins) through a BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool).
   • 2004, Andreas Bommarius and Bettina Riebel-Bommarius, Biocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications, p. 425:

     Blasting nucleotide sequences is not always that easy, because there is more ambiguity to the nucleotide sequence, and good hits have to have a 70% homology over the whole sequence to be reliable, compared to 25% with proteins.

Alternative forms

• BLAST

Anagrams

• Balts, blats

German

Verb

blast

1. inflection of blasen:
   1. second-person plural present
   2. plural imperative

Irish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ??????? (blastós, “germ, sprout”).

Noun

blast m (genitive singular blast, nominative plural blastaí)

1. (cytology) blast

Declension

Derived terms

• -blast
• blastchill (“blast cell”)

Mutation

Middle English

Alternative forms

• blaste, blæst, blest

Etymology

From Old English bl?st, from Proto-Germanic *bl?stuz; equivalent to blasen +? -th.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /blast/, /bl??st/

Noun

blast (plural blastes)

1. A blast; a sudden and forceful motion of wind.
2. One's breathing or respiring; the act of respiration.
3. The blast produced by a musical instrument.
4. An emission or expulsion of fire or flames.
5. The sound produced by thunder or storms.
6. (rare) The making of a pronouncement or proclamation.
7. (rare) One's spiritual essence; the soul.
8. (rare) A striking or attack.
9. (rare) Flatulence; the making of a fart.

Derived terms

• blasten

Descendants

• English: blast
• Scots: blast

References

• “blast, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-27.

Swedish

Noun

blast c (definite form blasten)

1. (uncountable) The stem and leaves of a vegetable, of which you're only supposed to eat the root. E.g. in potatoes or carrots.