different between blackmail vs threat
blackmail
English
Etymology
From black + mail (“a piece of money”). Compare Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”).
The word is variously derived from the tribute paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to Border Reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. This tribute was paid in goods or labour, in Latin reditus nigri "blackmail"; the opposite is blanche firmes or reditus albi "white rent", denoting payment by silver. Alternatively, McKay derives it from two Scottish Gaelic words blàthaich, pronounced (the th silent) bl-aich, "to protect" and màl (“tribute, payment”). He notes that the practice was common in the Highlands of Scotland as well as the Borders.
More likely, from black (adj.) + Middle English mal, male, maile (“a payment, rent, tribute”), from Old English m?l (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel "meeting, council," mæl "speech," Gothic ???????????????? (maþl) "meeting place," from Proto-Germanic *maþl?, from PIE *mod- "to meet, assemble" (see meet (v.)). From the practice of freebooting clan chieftains who ran protection rackets against Scottish farmers. Black from the evil of the practice. Expanded c.1826 to any type of extortion money. Compare silver mail "rent paid in money" (1590s); buttock-mail (Scottish, 1530s) "fine imposed for fornication."
Pronunciation
Noun
blackmail (uncountable)
- The extortion of money or favours by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure.
- (archaic) A form of protection money (or corn, cattle, etc.) anciently paid, in the north of England and south of Scotland, to the allies of robbers in order to be spared from pillage.
- (England law, historical) Black rent, or rent paid in corn, meat, or the lowest coin, as opposed to white rent, which was paid in silver.
- Compromising material that can be used to extort someone, dirt.
Derived terms
- emotional blackmail
- post-attack blackmail
Translations
Verb
blackmail (third-person singular simple present blackmails, present participle blackmailing, simple past and past participle blackmailed)
- (transitive) To extort money or favors from (a person) by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, such as injury to reputation, distress of mind, false accusation, etc.
- He blackmailed a businesswoman by threatening to expose an alleged fraud.
- (Kenya) To speak ill of someone; to defame someone.
Translations
Related terms
- graymail, whitemail, greenmail
See also
- extortion
- protection racket
Scots
Etymology
From black (“bad”) +? mail (“rent”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?bl?k???l/, /?bl?k???l/
- (Southern Scotland) IPA(key): /?bl??k????l/
Noun
blackmail (uncountable)
- (archaic) A tribute paid, usually in kind, to reivers or raiders as a form of protection money.
- Payment of money exacted by means of intimidation.
Verb
blackmail (third-person singular present blackmails, present participle blackmailin, past blackmailt, past participle blackmailt)
- To extort money from another by means of intimidation.
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threat
English
Pronunciation
- (UK, US) enPR: thr?t, IPA(key): /???t/
- Rhymes: -?t
Etymology 1
From Middle English threte, thret, thrat, thræt, threat, from Old English þr?at (“crowd, swarm, troop, army, press; pressure, trouble, calamity, oppression, force, violence, threat”), from Proto-Germanic *þrautaz, closely tied to Proto-Germanic *þraut? (“displeasure, complaint, grievance, labour, toil”), from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze, push, press”), whence also Middle Low German dr?t (“threat, menace, danger”), Middle High German dr?z (“annoyance, disgust, horror, terror, fright”), Icelandic þraut (“struggle, labour, distress”), Latin tr?d? (“push”, verb).
Noun
threat (plural threats)
- An expression of intent to injure or punish another.
- 1599, William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act 4, Scene 3
- There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats.
- 1599, William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act 4, Scene 3
- An indication of potential or imminent danger.
- A person or object that is regarded as a danger; a menace.
Usage notes
Adjectives at least commonly used along with the noun: existential, possible
Derived terms
- idle threat
Related terms
- threaten
- threatening
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English threten, from Old English þr?atian (“to press, oppress, repress, correct, threaten”). Akin to Middle Dutch dr?ten (“to threaten”).
Verb
threat (third-person singular simple present threats, present participle threating, simple past and past participle threated)
- (transitive) To press; urge; compel.
- (transitive, archaic) To threaten.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, I.vii:
- An hideous Geant horrible and hye, / That with his talnesse seemd to threat the skye […]
- 1599, William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, V. i. 37:
- O yes, and soundless too; / For you have stolen their buzzing, Antony, / And very wisely threat before you sting.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, I.vii:
- (intransitive) To use threats; act or speak menacingly; threaten.
Anagrams
- Hatter, hatter, rateth, that're
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