different between benevolence vs patronage

English

Etymology

Circa 1400, original sense “good will, disposition to do good”, Old French benivolence from Latin benevolentia (also directly from Latin), literally “good will”, from bene (“well, good”) + volentia, form of vol?ns, form of vol? (“I wish”), components cognate to English benefit and voluntary, more distantly will (via Proto-Indo-European).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b??n?v?l?ns/

Noun

benevolence (countable and uncountable, plural benevolences)

1. (uncountable) Disposition to do good.
2. (uncountable) Charitable kindness.
3. (countable) An altruistic gift or act.
4. (Britain, historical) A kind of forced loan or contribution levied by kings without legal authority, first so called under Edward IV in 1473.

Related terms

Translations

References

English

Etymology

From Middle English patronage, from Old French patronage (modern French patronage). Equivalent to patron +? -age.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pe?t??n?d??/

Noun

patronage (countable and uncountable, plural patronages)

1. The act of providing approval and support; backing; championship.

2. Customers collectively; clientele; business.

   Hyponym: ridership

3. A communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient; condescension; disdain.
4. (politics) Granting favours or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support.
   • 2015, Thomas J. Gradel, Dick Simpson, Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality, University of Illinois Press (?ISBN), page 117:

     Patronage, nepotism, cronyism, abuse of power, and criminal activity flourish, sometimes for decades, in numerous town halls, police stations, and special-purpose government agencies in the suburbs.

5. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Addison to this entry?)

6. The right of nomination to political office.
7. (Britain, law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.
   • {{RQ:Blackstone Comm|passage=Advowson is the right of presentation to a church, or ecclesiastical benefice. Advowson, advocatio, signifies the taking into protection; and therefore is synonymous with patronage

Translations

Verb

patronage (third-person singular simple present patronages, present participle patronaging, simple past and past participle patronaged)

1. (transitive) To support by being a patron of.
2. (transitive) To be a regular customer or client of; to patronize

   Synonyms: support, keep going

Dutch

Etymology

From patroon +? -age. Cf. English patronage, French patronage.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pa.tr??na?.??/
• Hyphenation: pat?ro?na?ge
• Rhymes: -a???

Noun

patronage n (plural patronages)

1. patronage (act of providing approval and support)

   Synonyms: beschermheerschap, patronaat

French

Etymology

patron +? -age

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa.t??.na?/
• Rhymes: -a?

Noun

patronage m (plural patronages)

1. Patronage

Further reading

• “patronage” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle English

Etymology

From Old French patronage; equivalent to patroun +? -age.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /patro??na?d?(?)/, /patru??na?d?(?)/, /pa?tro?nad?(?)/, /pa?tru?nad?(?)/

Noun

patronage (plural patronagis)

1. The privilege of being able to choose ecclesiastical appointees; advowson.

Descendants

• English: patronage

References

• “patr?n??e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-17.