different between before vs aforementioned

English

Alternative forms

• befo (pronunciation spelling)
• befo' (pronunciation spelling)

Etymology

From Middle English before, bifore (adverb and preposition), from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: b?fô?, IPA^(key): /b??f??/
• (General American) enPR: b?fôr?, b?fôr?, IPA^(key): /b??f??/, /bi?f??/
• (rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) enPR: b?f?r?, IPA^(key): /b??fo(?)?/
• (non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA^(key): /b??fo?/
• Hyphenation: be?fore
• Rhymes: -??(?)

Preposition

before

1. Earlier than (in time).
2. In front of in space.

   • His angel, who shall go / Before them in a cloud and pillar of fire.

   • He tried to persuade Cicely to stay away from the ball-room for a fourth dance. […] But she said she must go back, and when they joined the crowd again […] she found her mother standing up before the seat on which she had sat all the evening searching anxiously for her with her eyes, and her father by her side.
3. In the presence of.

   He performed before the troops in North Africa.

   He spoke before a joint session of Congress.

4. Under consideration, judgment, authority of (someone).
   • 1726, John Ayliffe, Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani

     If a suit be begun before an archdeacon […]

5. In store for, in the future of (someone).
6. In front of, according to a formal system of ordering items.

7. At a higher or greater position than, in a ranking.

Synonyms

• (earlier than in time): by, no later than, previous to, prior to, ere (obsolete)
• (in front of in space): ahead of, in front of
• (in front of according to an ordering system): ahead of

Antonyms

• (earlier than in time): after, later than
• (in front of in space): behind
• (in front of according to an ordering system): after

Translations

Adverb

before (not comparable)

1. At an earlier time.

2. In advance.
3. At the front end.
   • 1896, Hilaire Belloc, The Bad Child’s Book of Beasts, “The Elephant”:

     When people call this beast to mind,
     They marvel more and more
     At such a little tail behind,
     So LARGE a trunk before.

Synonyms

• (at an earlier time): previously
• (in advance): ahead
• (at the front end): in front

Antonyms

• (at an earlier time): after
• (at the front end): behind

Derived terms

• beforehand
• beforetime

Translations

Conjunction

before

1. In advance of the time when.

   • before this elaborate treatise can become of universal use and ornament to my native country, two points […] are absolutely necessary.
2. (informal) Rather or sooner than.

Synonyms

• (rather than): lest

Translations

References

• before at OneLook Dictionary Search
• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Anagrams

• borfee

English

Etymology

From afore- +? mentioned.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??f???m?n.??nd/
• (US) IPA^(key): /??f???m?n.??nd/, (nonstandard) /?æf??m?n.??nd/

Adjective

aforementioned (not comparable)

1. Previously mentioned.

   The PA system broadcast a long list of names in the morning, but it wasn't until later that they requested the aforementioned students report to the health clinic.

Usage notes

When it modifies a noun phrase, it is generally preceded by the definite article the, and the combination functions as a determiner rather than a simple adjective. It can also occur before a cardinal as in the aforementioned two papers instead of the two aforementioned papers, though the latter is also acceptable.

Synonyms

• above-mentioned
• abovementioned
• aforesaid
• mentioned

Antonyms

• following
• undermentioned

Related terms

• last-mentioned

Translations

Noun

aforementioned (uncountable)

1. (uncountable) The one or ones mentioned previously.

   The judge read a list of prisoners' names. She then indicated that the aforementioned were to be set free.

Synonyms

• abovementioned
• aforesaid
• mentioned

Antonyms

• following
• undermentioned

Translations