different between avouch vs swear
avouch
English
Etymology
From Old French avouchier, from Latin advoc?re, present active infinitive of advoc?. Doublet of advocate, advoke, and avow.
Verb
avouch (third-person singular simple present avouches, present participle avouching, simple past and past participle avouched)
- To declare freely and openly; to assert.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, A View of the Present State of Ireland, Dublin: Hibernia Press, 1809, p. 76,[1]
- Neither indeede would I have thought, that any such antiquities could have been avouched for the Irish, that maketh me the more to long to see some other of your observations, which you have gathered out of that country […]
- c. 1605, William Shakespeare, Macbeth, Act V, Scene 5,[2]
- If this which he avouches does appear,
- There is nor flying hence nor tarrying here.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, A View of the Present State of Ireland, Dublin: Hibernia Press, 1809, p. 76,[1]
- To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to confess; to sanction.
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Deuteronomy 26:17-18,[3]
- Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy God, and to walk in his ways, and to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and to hearken unto his voice: And the Lord hath avouched thee this day to be his peculiar people, as he hath promised thee, and that thou shouldest keep all his commandments;
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Deuteronomy 26:17-18,[3]
- To confirm or verify, to affirm the validity of.
- 1571, Arthur Golding, The Psalmes of David and others. With M. John Calvins Commentaries, “Epistle Dedicatorie,”[4]
- For ( […] as the sorowfull dooings of our present dayes do too certeinly avouch) greate men hurt not the common weale so much by beeing evil in respect of themselves, as by drawing others unto evil by their evil example.
- 1855, Henry Hart Milman, History of Latin Christianity, London: John Murray, Volume 2, Book 4, Chapter 7, p. 159,[5]
- As a great public document, addressed to the whole Christian world by him who aspired to be the first ecclesiastic, we might be disposed to question its authenticity, if it were not avouched by the full evidence in its favour and its agreement with all the events of the period.
- 1571, Arthur Golding, The Psalmes of David and others. With M. John Calvins Commentaries, “Epistle Dedicatorie,”[4]
- To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority.
- 1628, Edward Coke, Institutes of the Lawes of England, Volume 1, Book 3, Chapter 5 “Of Estates upon Condition,” Section 350, p. 216,[6]
- And for proofe of their opinion they avouch many successions of authorities that no fee simple should passe before the condition performed.
- 1628, Edward Coke, Institutes of the Lawes of England, Volume 1, Book 3, Chapter 5 “Of Estates upon Condition,” Section 350, p. 216,[6]
Related terms
- avouchment
- vouch
Translations
Noun
avouch (uncountable)
- (obsolete) evidence; declaration
- c. 1600, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act I, Scene 1,[7]
- Before my God, I might not this believe
- Without the sensible and true avouch
- Of mine own eyes.
- c. 1600, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act I, Scene 1,[7]
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swear
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /sw??/
- (General American) IPA(key): /sw??/
- Rhymes: -??(?)
Etymology 1
From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjan? (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).
Cognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian ????? (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.
The original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).
Verb
swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or yswore)
- (transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise.
- The Bat—they called him the Bat. […]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.
- (transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.
Usage notes
- In sense 1, this is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:swear word
- See also Thesaurus:swear
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 2
From the above verb, or from Middle English sware, from Old English swaru, from Proto-Germanic *swar?.
Noun
swear (plural swears)
- A swear word.
- 1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Beach of Falesá
- You might think it funny to hear this Kanaka girl come out with a big swear. No such thing. There was no swearing in her — no, nor anger; she was beyond anger, and meant the word simple and serious.
- 1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Beach of Falesá
Etymology 3
From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English sw?r, sw?r (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *sw?r, from Proto-Germanic *sw?raz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).
Cognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin s?rius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).
Alternative forms
- sweer, sweir, swere
Adjective
swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)
- (Britain dialectal) Heavy.
- (Britain dialectal) Top-heavy; too high.
- (Britain dialectal) Dull; heavy; lazy; slow; reluctant; unwilling.
- (Britain dialectal) Niggardly.
- (Britain dialectal) A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta.
Derived terms
Verb
swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past and past participle sweared)
- (Britain dialectal) To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours.
References
- swear at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams
- resaw, sawer, sware, wares, wears
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