different between austere vs sour

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ???????? (aust?rós, “bitter, harsh”), having the specific meaning "making the tongue dry" (originally used of fruits, wines), related to ??? (aú?, “to singe”), ???? (aûos, “dry”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation): IPA^(key): /??st??(?)/, /???st??(?)/
• (US)
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /??sti?/, enPR: ôst?r?
  • (cot–caught merger, Inland Northern American): IPA^(key): /??sti?/
• Rhymes: -??(?)

Adjective

austere (comparative austerer or more austere, superlative austerest or most austere)

1. Grim or severe in manner or appearance

2. Lacking decoration; trivial; not extravagant or gaudy

Synonyms

• (grim or severe): stern, strict, forbidding
• (lacking trivial decoration): simple, plain, unadorned, unembellished

Antonyms

• (not lacking trivial decoration): overwrought, flamboyant, extravagant, gaudy, flashy

Derived terms

• austerity
• austerely

Translations

Italian

Adjective

austere f pl

1. feminine plural of austero

Latin

Adjective

aust?re

1. vocative masculine singular of aust?rus

References

• austere in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• austere in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Latvian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Perhaps related to Ancient Greek ??????? (óstreon).

Pronunciation

Noun

austere f (5th declension)

1. oyster (certain edible bivalve mollusks of the order Ostreida)

Declension

Middle French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aust?rus.

Adjective

austere m or f (plural austeres)

1. austere; severe

Old French

Alternative forms

• haustere
• auster (masculine only)

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aust?rus.

Adjective

austere m (oblique and nominative feminine singular austere)

1. (of a flavor) acrid; bitter
2. austere; severe

English

Alternative forms

• sower, sowre (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English sour, from Old English s?r (“sour”), from Proto-West Germanic *s?r, from Proto-Germanic *s?raz (“sour”), from Proto-Indo-European *súHros (“sour”). Cognate with West Frisian soer, Dutch zuur (“sour”), Low German suur, German sauer (“sour”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian sur, French sur (“sour”), Faroese súrur (“sour”), Icelandic súr (“sour, bitter”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?sa?(?)?/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?sa??/
• Rhymes: -a??(?)
• Rhymes: -a?.?(?)

Adjective

sour (comparative sourer, superlative sourest)

1. Having an acidic, sharp or tangy taste.
   • 2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, Wired, "The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel":

     A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.

2. Made rancid by fermentation, etc.

3. Tasting or smelling rancid.

4. (of a person's character) Peevish or bad-tempered.
5. (of soil) Excessively acidic and thus infertile.

6. (of petroleum) Containing excess sulfur.

7. Unfortunate or unfavorable.
8. (music) Off-pitch, out of tune.

Antonyms

• (petroleum): sweet

Derived terms

• go sour
• sourly
• sourness

Translations

Noun

sour (countable and uncountable, plural sours)

1. The sensation of a sour taste.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

2. A drink made with whiskey, lemon or lime juice and sugar.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

3. (by extension) Any cocktail containing lemon or lime juice.
4. A sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect.
5. The acidic solution used in souring fabric.

Derived terms

• laundry sour

Translations

Verb

sour (third-person singular simple present sours, present participle souring, simple past and past participle soured)

1. (transitive) To make sour.

2. (intransitive) To become sour.
   • 1720, Jonathan Swift, To Stella, on transcribing my Poems

     So the sun's heat, with different powers, / Ripens the grape, the liquor sours.

3. (transitive) To spoil or mar; to make disenchanted.
   • He was prudent and industrious, and so good a husbandman, that he might have led a very easy and comfortable life, had not an arrant vixen of a wife soured his domestic quiet.

4. (intransitive) To become disenchanted.

5. (transitive) To make (soil) cold and unproductive.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Mortimer to this entry?)

6. To macerate (lime) and render it fit for plaster or mortar.
7. (transitive) To process (fabric) after bleaching, using hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid to wash out the lime.

Derived terms

• besour
• unsour

Translations

Anagrams

• Ruso, ours

French

Adjective

sour (feminine singular soure, masculine plural sours, feminine plural soures)

1. (nonstandard) Alternative form of sûr

Preposition

sour

1. (nonstandard) Alternative form of sur

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English s?r

Alternative forms

• sower, soure, sowre

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /su?r/

Adjective

sour

1. sour, acidic, bitter
2. foul-smelling, rancid
3. fermented, curdled
4. unpleasant, unattractive

Descendants

• English: sour
• Scots: sour

Etymology 2

From Old French essorer.

Verb

sour

1. Alternative form of soren (“to soar”)

Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sora

Etymology

From Latin soror, from Proto-Indo-European *swés?r.

Noun

sour f (plural sours)

1. (Puter, Vallader) sister

Coordinate terms

• (in terms of gender):
  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) frar
  • (Puter) frer