different between atrium vs hof

English

Etymology

From Latin ?trium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e?.t?i.?m/
• Hyphenation: a?tri?um

Noun

atrium (plural atria or atriums)

1. (architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.
2. (architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.
3. (anatomy) A cavity, entrance, or passage.

   an atrium of the infundibula of the lungs

   1. (anatomy) One of two upper chambers of the heart.
4. (biology) Any enclosed sexine and nexine layers, widening toward the interior of the grain.

Synonyms

• (room in Roman homes): cavaedium

Meronyms

• (chamber of the heart): left atrium, right atrium

Holonyms

• (chamber of the heart): heart

Derived terms

• atrial
• atriate
• subatrium

Translations

Further reading

• atrium on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Timaru

Finnish

Etymology

From Latin ?trium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??trium/, [??t?rium]
• Rhymes: -?trium
• Syllabification: at?ri?um

Noun

atrium

1. atrium (central room in Roman homes)
2. atrium (square hall lit from above)

Declension

Synonyms

• (square hall): valopiha

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ?trium. Doublet of aître.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.t?i.j?m/

Noun

atrium m (plural atriums)

1. atrium

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ?trium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [at??ri?m]
• Hyphenation: at?ri?um

Noun

atrium (first-person possessive atriumku, second-person possessive atriummu, third-person possessive atriumnya)

1. atrium:

   Synonym: serambi

   1. (architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

      Synonym: beranda

   2. (anatomy) cavity, entrance, or passage.
   3. (anatomy) one of two upper chambers of the heart.

Further reading

• “atrium” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Etymology

• Either from Ancient Greek ??????? (aíthrion, “under the sky, open”),
• or related to Latin ?ter, Umbrian ???????????????? (atru), Oscan ???????????????????????????????? (aadíriis),
• or from Etruscan ???????????????? (e??a, “atrium, temple, house, domus”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?a?.tri.um/, [?ä?t??i???]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?a.tri.um/, [???t??ium]

Noun

?trium n (genitive ?tri? or ?tr?); second declension

1. a welcoming room in a Roman villa; reception hall
2. a hall, court in a temple

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Derived terms

• ?tri?rius
• ?tri?nsis
• ?tri?la
• ?tri?lum

Descendants

• Catalan: atri
• ? English: atrium
• Old French: aitre
  • French: aître
  • Norman: aistre (merged with some Norse root explaining the unetymological « s »)
• Galician: adro, atrio
• ? Hungarian: átrium
• Irish: aitriam
• Italian: atrio
• Portuguese: adro, átrio
• Spanish: atrio

See also

• vestibulum

References

• ?tr?um in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• atrium in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• atrium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• ?tr?um in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, page 182/3
• atrium in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• atrium in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• “?trium” on page 199 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) , “atrium”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 67

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrier, definite plural atria or atriene)

1. (architecture) an atrium

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrium, definite plural atria)

1. (architecture) an atrium

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin atrium

Noun

atrium n (uncountable)

1. atrium

Declension

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Hof. Doublet of howff.

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

1. Enclosure, court, dwelling, building, house.
   • 1993 May, William, Trevor, Jake's Castle, in Harper's Magazine:

     Ulrike lived in a farm hof, and all around me were the dark blank fields punctuated by a few disparate lights.

   • 2009, Chloe Aridjis, Book of Clouds (New York: Black Cat, 1st edition):

     Like many old houses, this one had a front section, where I lived, and at the back an interior courtyard, the Hof, enclosed on all three sides by more apartments.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Norse hóf, reinforced in modern (post-1990, chiefly neopagan) use by Icelandic hof (“shrine, temple”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: h?f, IPA^(key): /ho?f/

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

1. (Neopaganism) temple, sanctuary, hall.
   • 1996, Varg Vikernes, cited after Gardell, Gods of the Blood, 2003, p. 307.

     For each ten churches burned to ashes, one heathen hof is avenged.

   • 2005, Michael Strmiska, Modern Paganism In World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, p. 170.

     Asatruarfelagid lacks a central religious temple, or hof in Icelandic. Constructing a hof has been high on the members' wish list for many years.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Korean ?? (hopeu), in turn from German Hofbräuhaus. In English, the spelling has been re-aligned with the Korean term's etymon.

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

1. A Korean-style bar or pub.

Anagrams

• FOH, foh

Cimbrian

Noun

hof m

1. garden

References

• Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h?f/, [?h?f]

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German hof, from Proto-Germanic *huf?, cognate with German Hof (“yard, court, farmyard”), Dutch hof (“yard, court, garden”), Old Norse hof (“shrine; court”). Doublet of hov (“shrine, temple”).

Noun

hof n (singular definite hoffet, plural indefinite hoffer)

1. court (family and society of a sovereign)
2. admirers

Inflection

References

• “hof” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “Hof,1” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Etymology 2

Clipping of hofpilsner, from hof (“court”) +? pilsner (“lager beer”).

Noun

hof c (singular definite hoffen, plural indefinite hof)

1. Carlsberg beer

Inflection

References

• “Hof,2” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hof, from Old Dutch *hof, from Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??f/
• Hyphenation: hof
• Rhymes: -?f

Noun

hof n or m (plural hoven, diminutive hofje n)

1. (royal) court
2. court of law; short form of gerechtshof
3. court, yard
4. (East and West Flanders) garden

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: hof
• ? Papiamentu: hòfi (from the diminutive)

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hof, from Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h??v/
• Rhymes: -??v

Noun

hof n (genitive singular hofs, nominative plural hof)

1. shrine, typically in a home on farm; by extension a temple

Declension

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *hof, from Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h?f/

Noun

hof n or m

1. court, enclosed space
2. garden
3. farmstead
4. castle (court of the nobility)

Inflection

Derived terms

• h?vesch

Descendants

• Dutch: hof
  • Afrikaans: hof
  • ? Papiamentu: hòfi (from the diminutive)
• Limburgish: haof, hoof
• ? Scots: howff
  • ? English: howff

Further reading

• “hof”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “hof (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page II

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xof/, [hof]

Noun

hof n (nominative plural hofu)

1. court, hall
2. house, building

Declension

Descendants

• ? Middle English: hovel, hovil, hovylle (diminutive)
  • English: hovel

See also

• ærn n
• h?s n

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *h?faz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xo?f/, [ho?f]

Noun

h?f m

1. a hoof

Declension

Descendants

• English: hoof

Old Frisian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *huf?, from Proto-Indo-European *kewp- (“to bend”). Cognates include Old English hof, Old Saxon hof and Old Dutch *hof.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?hof/

Noun

hof n

1. court

Descendants

• North Frisian: hof
• Saterland Frisian: Hoaf
• West Frisian: hôf

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *h?faz, from Proto-Indo-European *?oph?ós. Cognates include Old English h?f, Old Saxon h?f and Old Dutch *huof.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ho?f/

Noun

h?f m

1. hoof

Descendants

• Saterland Frisian: Houf, Houch
• West Frisian: hoef

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, ?ISBN

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *huf? (“hill, house, temple”).

Pronunciation

• (12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /?hov/

Noun

hof n (genitive hofs, plural hof)

1. shrine, typically in a home of a farm
   • V?luspá, verse 7, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2:

     […] þeir er hörg ok hof / hátimbruðu, […]

     […] they who shrines and temples / high timbered, […]

2. a hall, court
   • Hymiskviða, verse 33, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 48:

     […] út or óru / ölkjól hofi. […]

     […] forth from our house / the cauldron here. […]

3. a royal court

Usage notes

Old Norse makes the distinction between hof "a hall, a sanctuary with a roof" and h?rgr "an altar, any cult site without a roof".The prevalent meaning of hof in Old Norse literature is "temple, sanctuary". Cleasby and Vigfússon (1874) note the generic meaning "a hall (as in German and Saxon)" in Hymiskviða 33 as a hapax legomenon. The meaning of "court" follows Middle High German and appears only from the 14th century and almost exclusively in compounds such as hof-ferð "pride, pomp", hof-garðr "lordly mansion", hof-fólk "courtiers".

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• Icelandic: hof
• Faroese: hov
• Norwegian: hov, hòv
• ? English: hof

References

• hof in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• hof in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
• hof in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Noun

hof n

1. dwelling, hovel, house
2. court, hall

Descendants

• Middle Low German: hof
  • German Low German: Hoff
  • Plautdietsch: Hoff
  • ? Danish: hof
  • ? Estonian: hoov
  • ? Norwegian: hoff
  • ? Old Swedish: hof
    • Swedish: hov
      • ? Finnish: huovi
    • ? Finnish: hovi

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *h?faz.

Noun

h?f m

1. a hoof

Swedish

Noun

hof n

1. royal court; Obsolete spelling of hov
2. hoof; Obsolete spelling of hov

Declension