different between atomic vs quantum

English

Etymology

atom +? -ic

Pronunciation

• (General Australian) enPR: ??t?m.?k, IPA^(key): /??t?m.?k/
• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ??t?m.?k, IPA^(key): /??t?m.?k/
• (General American) enPR: ??tä.m?k, IPA^(key): /??t??.m?k/
• Rhymes: -?m?k

Adjective

atomic (not comparable)

1. (physics, chemistry) Of or relating to atoms; composed of atoms; monatomic.

   Antonym: molecular

2. Employing or relating to nuclear energy or processes.
   • 1955, David J. Dallin, Soviet Espionage (page 495)

     Before the atomic spy Allan Nunn May left Canada to go to London, a treff in London had to be arranged for him and another agent.

3. Infinitesimally small.

4. Unable to be split or made any smaller.
   1. (programming, of a commit in a VCS) Containing a single change, as opposed to involving numerous unrelated changes.
   2. (logic, of a proposition) Lacking logical operators; unable to be made simpler in logical form.
5. (computing, of an operation) Guaranteed to complete either fully or not at all while waiting in a pause, and running synchronously when called by multiple asynchronous threads.
   • 2006, Tim Peierls, Brian Goetz, Joshua Bloch, Joseph Bowbeer, Doug Lea, David Holmes, Java Concurrency in Practice, Pearson Education (?ISBN), page 325:

     It also provides an atomic compareAndSet method (which if successful has the memory effects of both reading and writing a volatile variable) and, for convenience, atomic add, increment, and decrement methods.

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

atomic (plural atomics)

1. (computing) An atomic operation.

Anagrams

• -o-matic, matico

Occitan

Pronunciation

Adjective

atomic m (feminine singular atomica, masculine plural atomics, feminine plural atomicas)

1. atomic

Related terms

• atòm, atòme

Romanian

Etymology

From French atomique

Adjective

atomic m or n (feminine singular atomic?, masculine plural atomici, feminine and neuter plural atomice)

1. atomic

Declension

English

Etymology

From Late Latin quantum, noun use of neuter form of Latin quantus (“how much”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?kw?nt?m/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?kw?nt?m/
  • (US, Canada) IPA^(key): (enunciated) [?k?w?n.t??m], (common flapped realization) [?kw????m]
  • (enunciated)
  • (flapped)

Note: in General American, the enunciated form is more common when the word is used on its own; but in connected speech, when it is used as a modifier (as in quantum mechanics), the flapped form is more common.

Noun

quantum (countable and uncountable, plural quanta)

1. (now chiefly South Asia) The total amount of something; quantity. [from 17th c.]
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society 1973, p. 416:

     The reader will perhaps be curious to know the quantum of this present, but we cannot satisfy his curiosity.

   • 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, Oxford 2009, p. 142:

     A certain quantum of power must always exist in the community, in some hands, and under some appellation.

   • 1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins 2013, p. 375:

     Otherwise I will have given the lie to my maxim that whether you work eight or twenty hours, the quantum of work that gets done on a normal day is the same.

   • 2008, The Times of India, 21 May 2008, [1]:

     The Congress's core ministerial panel on Friday gave its green signal to raising motor fuel prices but the quantum of increase emerged as a hitch.

2. The amount or quantity observably present, or available. [from 18th c.]
   • 1979, John Le Carré, Smiley's People, Folio Society 2010, p. 96:

     Each man has only a quantum of compassion, he argued, and mine is used up for the day.

   • 1999, Joyce Crick, translating Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, Oxford 2008, p. 34:

     The dream of flying, according to Strümpell, is the appropriate image used by the psyche to interpret the quantum of stimulus [transl. Reizquantum] proceeding from the rise and fall of the lungs when the cutaneous sensation of the thorax has simultaneously sunk into unconsciousness.

3. (physics) The smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon. [from 20th c.]
   • 2002, David C Cassidy et al., Understanding Physics, Birkhauser 2002, p. 602:

     The quantum of light energy was later called a photon.

4. (mathematics) A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or by a boundary.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of William Kingdon Clifford to this entry?)

5. (law) A brief document provided by the judge, elaborating on a sentencing decision.
6. (computing) The amount of time allocated for a thread to perform its work in a multithreaded environment.
7. (computing, uncountable) Short for quantum computing.

   Developing for quantum has never been more accessible.

8. (medicine) The minimum dose of a pathogen required to cause an infection.

   Synonym: infectious dose

Related terms

• quantize

Translations

Adjective

quantum (not comparable)

1. Of a change, sudden or discrete, without intermediate stages.
2. (informal) Of a change, significant.
3. (physics) Involving quanta, quantum mechanics or other aspects of quantum physics.
4. (computing theory) Relating to a quantum computer.

Derived terms

Translations

Further reading

• quantum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

French

Etymology

From English quantum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k??.t?m/, /kw??.t?m/

Noun

quantum m (plural quanta)

1. (physics) quantum

Further reading

• “quantum” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Noun

quantum m (plural quanta)

1. quantum

   Synonym: quanto

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?k?an.tum/, [?k?än?t????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?kwan.tum/, [?kw?n?t?um]

Adjective

quantum

1. nominative neuter singular of quantus
2. accusative masculine singular of quantus
3. accusative neuter singular of quantus
4. vocative neuter singular of quantus

Determiner

quantum (with genitive)

1. as much of […] as
2. how high, how dear, as dear as

Descendants

• French: quant
• Italian: quanto
• Spanish: cuanto

References

• quantum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• quantum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• quantum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• quantum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• quântum (rare)

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin quantum. Doublet of quanto.

Noun

quantum m (plural quanta or quantuns (uncommon))

1. (physics) quantum (indivisible unit of a given quantity)

Related terms

• quanto