different between arrear vs burden

English

Etymology

From Middle English arere, from Old French arere, ariere, from Vulgar Latin *ad retro (“to the rear”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?????/
• Rhymes: -??(?)

Adverb

arrear (comparative more arrear, superlative most arrear)

1. (obsolete) Towards the rear, backwards. [14th-16th c.]
   • 1591, Edmund Spenser, Virgil's Gnat, ll. 465-8:

     She, (Ladie) having well before approoved / The feends to be too cruell and severe, / Observ'd th' appointed way, as her behooved, / Ne ever did her ey-sight turne arere [...].

2. (obsolete) Behind time; overdue. [15th-19th c.]
   • 1803, Edward Hyde East, Reports of cases Argued and determined in the Court of King's Bench, London 1814, vol. 3, p. 559:

     In case the annuity should be arrear for sixty days being lawfully demanded, then the trustee might enter upon the premises assigned [...].

Noun

arrear (plural arrears)

1. Work to be done, obligation.
   • November 4, 1866, James David Forbes, letter to E. C. Batten

     I have a large arrear of letters to write.

   • 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula

     My own work, with its manifold arrears, took me all day to clear off.
2. Unpaid debt.
3. That which is in the rear or behind.

Translations

Portuguese

Etymology

Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *arred?re (“arrange, provide”), from Gothic.

Verb

arrear (first-person singular present indicative arreio, past participle arreado)

1. (transitive) to harness (to place a harness on something)

   Synonym: aparelhar

Conjugation

Derived terms

• arreio

Spanish

Etymology

Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *arred?re (“arrange, provide”), from Gothic *???????????????? (*r?þs, “advice”). Cognate with English array. Less likely from arre +? -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /are?a?/, [a.re?a?]

Verb

arrear (first-person singular present arreo, first-person singular preterite arreé, past participle arreado)

1. to urge
2. to harness
3. to drive (cattle), herd

Conjugation

Further reading

• “arrear” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

References

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English burden, birden, burthen, birthen, byrthen, from Old English byrden, byrþen, from Proto-West Germanic *burþini, from *burþ?, from Proto-Germanic *burþ??, from Proto-Indo-European *b?er- (“to carry, bear”).

Alternative forms

• burthen (archaic)

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?b??dn/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?b?dn/
• Rhymes: -??(?)d?n

Noun

burden (plural burdens)

1. A heavy load.
   • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4

     There were four or five men in the vault already, and I could hear more coming down the passage, and guessed from their heavy footsteps that they were carrying burdens.

2. A responsibility, onus.
3. A cause of worry; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.
   • c. 1710-1730, Jonathan Swift, The Dean's Complaint Translated and Answered

     Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, / To all my friends a burden grown.

4. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry.

   a ship of a hundred tons burden

5. (mining) The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.
6. (metalworking) The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.
7. A fixed quantity of certain commodities.

8. (obsolete, rare) A birth.

   […] that bore thee at a burden two fair sons.

9. (medicine) The total amount of toxins, parasites, cancer cells, plaque or similar present in an organism.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

burden (third-person singular simple present burdens, present participle burdening, simple past and past participle burdened)

1. (transitive) To encumber with a literal or figurative burden.
2. (transitive) To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable).

Derived terms

• burden basket
• burdensome
• beast of burden

Translations

Etymology 2

From Old French bordon. See bourdon.

Noun

burden (plural burdens)

2. (music) A phrase or theme that recurs at the end of each verse in a folk song or ballad.
   • 1610, The Tempest, by Shakespeare, act 1 scene 2

     Foot it featly here and there; / And, sweet sprites, the burden bear.

   • 1846, Edgar Allan Poe, The Philosophy of Composition

     As commonly used, the refrain, or burden, not only is limited to lyric verse, but depends for its impression upon the force of monotone - both in sound and thought.

3. The drone of a bagpipe.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Ruddiman to this entry?)

4. Theme, core idea.

References

Anagrams

• bunder, burned, unbred

Middle English

Etymology 1

From bord +? -en (“adjectival ending”)

Adjective

burden

1. Alternative form of borden

Etymology 2

From burde +? -en (“plural ending”)

Noun

burden

1. plural of burde

West Frisian

Noun

burden

1. plural of burd