different between aristocracy vs boyar

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French aristocratie, from Medieval Latin *aristocratia, from Ancient Greek ???????????? (aristokratí?, “the rule of the best“, that is, “the best-born”, “nobility”), from ??????? (áristos, “best, noblest”) + -?????? (-kratí?), from ?????? (krátos, “power, rule”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?æ.???st?k.??.si/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /???.??st?k.??.si/
• Hyphenation: a?ris?to?cra?cy

Noun

aristocracy (countable and uncountable, plural aristocracies)

1. The nobility, or the hereditary ruling class.
2. Government by such a class, or a state with such a government
3. A class of people considered (not normally universally) superior to others

Derived terms

• bunyip aristocracy

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• aristocracy in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• aristocracy in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

English

Alternative forms

• boyard
• bolyard

Etymology

From Russian ?????? (bojáre), plural of ??????? (bojárin).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?b????/, /?b??j??/, /b???j??/

Noun

boyar (plural boyars)

1. (historical) A member of a rank of aristocracy (second only to princes) in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia and Romania.
   • 1997, John Julius Norwich, A Short History of Byzantium, Penguin 1998, p. 159:

     Boris had abdicated in 889, leaving the throne to his son Vladimir, who had immediately identified himself with the boyar aristocracy which Boris had done his utmost to crush.

   • 2007, John Darwin, After Tamerlane, Penguin 2008, p. 68:

     A long series of wars was fought in the sixteenth century to keep Polish influence at bay in the West Russian lands, and prevent it from seducing Muscovy's restless boyars, the warrior-barons whose independence the grand dukes were determined to crush.

   • 2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin 2010, p. 514:

     some of his family looked to Orthodox Christianity to sustain them, and not only many of his boyars but most of his subjects were Orthodox Christians.

Synonyms

• barin

Translations

Anagrams

• baryo-

Spanish

Etymology

boya +? -ar

Verb

boyar (first-person singular present boyo, first-person singular preterite boyé, past participle boyado)

1. (intransitive) to float

Conjugation

Further reading

• “boyar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.