different between argument vs hypothesis
argument
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /????j?m?nt/
- (General American) IPA(key): /????j?m?nt/, /-?ju-/, /-?j?-/
- Hyphenation: ar?gu?ment
Etymology 1
From Middle English argument, from Anglo-Norman and Old French arguement, from Latin arg?mentum (“argument (for a position); evidence, proof; point, theme; thesis, topic; plot (in theatre)”), from arguere + -mentum (suffix indicating the instrument, medium, or result of something). Arguere is the present active infinitive of argu? (“to argue, assert, declare; to make clear, prove, show; to accuse, charge with, reprove; to blame, censure; to denounce as false”), either ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?er?- (“silver, white; glittering”), or from Hittite [script needed] (arkuw?(i)-, “to make a plea, state one’s case”). The English word is analysable as argue +? -ment.
Noun
argument (countable and uncountable, plural arguments)
- (countable, also figuratively) A fact or statement used to support a proposition; a reason.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:argument
- (logic, philosophy) A series of propositions organized so that the final proposition is a conclusion which is intended to follow logically from the preceding propositions, which function as premises.
- (countable) A process of reasoning; argumentation.
- (countable) An abstract or summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, or poem; (figuratively) the contents themselves.
- (countable) A verbal dispute; a quarrel.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dispute
- (countable, linguistics) Any of the phrases that bears a syntactic connection to the verb of a clause.
- (countable, mathematics)
- The independent variable of a function.
- The phase of a complex number.
- (also astronomy) A quantity on which the calculation of another quantity depends.
- (countable, programming)
- A value, or a reference to a value, passed to a function.
- Synonyms: actual argument, passed parameter
- A parameter at a function call; an actual parameter, as opposed to a formal parameter.
- A value, or a reference to a value, passed to a function.
- (countable, obsolete)
- A matter in question; a business in hand.
- The subject matter of an artistic representation, discourse, or writing; a theme or topic.
- A matter in question; a business in hand.
- (uncountable, archaic) Evidence, proof; (countable) an item of such evidence or proof.
Usage notes
- Adjectives often used with argument: valid, invalid, correct, incorrect, right, wrong, strong, weak, convincing, unconvincing, conclusive, inconclusive, fallacious, simple, straightforward, inductive, deductive, logical, illogical, absurd, specious, flawed.
- (parameter at a function call): some authors regard the use of argument to mean “formal parameter” to be imprecise, preferring that argument be used to refer only to the value that is used to instantiate the parameter at runtime, while parameter refers only to the name in the function definition that will be instantiated.
Alternative forms
- arguement (obsolete)
Meronyms
- (logic): conclusion, premise, proposition
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Etymology 2
The obsolete senses are derived from Middle English argumenten (“to argue, discuss; to consider, reflect”), from Old French argumenter (“to argue”), from Latin arg?ment?r?, the present active infinitive of arg?mentor (“to adduce arguments or proof, prove, reason; to adduce (something) as argument or proof; to conclude”), from arg?mentum (“argument (for a position); evidence, proof; point, theme; thesis, topic; plot (in theatre)”) (see further at etymology 1) +? -or (the first-person singular present passive indicative of -? (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).
The current sense is derived from the noun.
Verb
argument (third-person singular simple present arguments, present participle argumenting, simple past and past participle argumented)
- (intransitive, obsolete, now nonstandard, non-native speakers' English) To put forward as an argument; to argue.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To adduce evidence, to provide proof.
Conjugation
References
Further reading
- argument on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument of a function on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument (literature) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument (linguistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- argument in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin arg?mentum.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /??.?u?ment/
- (Central) IPA(key): /?r.?u?men/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /a?.?u?ment/
Noun
argument m (plural arguments)
- argument (reason)
- (computing) argument
- plot, storyline
- (mathematics) argument
- (grammar) argument
Related terms
- argumentar
Further reading
- “argument” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “argument” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “argument” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “argument” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?ar?um?nt]
Noun
argument m
- argument (fact or statement used to support a proposition)
Declension
Derived terms
- pseudoargument
- protiargument
Related terms
- argumentace
See also
- parametr m
Further reading
- argument in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
- argument in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Noun
argument n (singular definite argumentet, plural indefinite argumenter)
- argument
Declension
Related terms
- argumentere
References
- “argument” in Den Danske Ordbog
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin arg?mentum, from argu? (“prove, argue”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a?.?y.m??/
Noun
argument m (plural arguments)
- argument
- (grammar) argument of a verb, phrase syntactically connected to a verb (object and subject)
Derived terms
- argumentaire
- argumenter
- argumentation
Related terms
- arguer
See also
- (grammar): valence
Further reading
- “argument” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Latin argumentum
Noun
argument n (definite singular argumentet, indefinite plural argument or argumenter, definite plural argumenta or argumentene)
- argument
Related terms
- argumentere
- argumentasjon
References
- “argument” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Latin argumentum
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?r???m?nt/
Noun
argument n (definite singular argumentet, indefinite plural argument, definite plural argumenta)
- argument
Related terms
- argumentasjon
References
- “argument” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Etymology
From Latin arg?mentum
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ar??u.m?nt/
Noun
argument m inan
- point, argument (fact or statement used to support a proposition)
- (philosophy, logic, mathematics, programming) argument
Declension
Synonyms
- uzasadnienie, racja, pod?o?e, podstawa, przes?anka, powód,
- dowód, operand, parametr
Related terms
- argumentacja
Further reading
- argument in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
From French argument, from Latin argumentum.
Noun
argument n (plural argumente)
- argument
Declension
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ar??ment/
- Hyphenation: ar?gu?ment
Noun
argùment m (Cyrillic spelling ?????????)
- argument (fact or statement used to support a proposition)
- (philosophy, logic, mathematics, programming) argument
Declension
Swedish
Pronunciation
Noun
argument n
- an argument supporting a stance
- (mathematics) an argument; an independent variable passed to a function
- (programming) an argument; a variable passed to a function
Declension
argument From the web:
- what argument was the king making
- what argument is this poster making
- what argument is frisch making
- what argument best responds to citizens
- what is king's main argument
- what is the basis for king's argument
- which king was the mad king
hypothesis
English
Etymology
Recorded since 1596, from Middle French hypothese, from Late Latin hypothesis, from Ancient Greek ???????? (hupóthesis, “base, basis of an argument, supposition”, literally “a placing under”), itself from ????????? (hupotíth?mi, “I set before, suggest”), from ??? (hupó, “below”) + ?????? (títh?mi, “I put, place”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ha??p???s?s/, /h??p???s?s/, /h??p???s?s/, /-?s?s/, /-?s?s/
- (US) IPA(key): /ha??p??.??.s?s/
Noun
hypothesis (plural hypotheses)
- (sciences) Used loosely, a tentative conjecture explaining an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem that can be tested by further observation, investigation and/or experimentation. As a scientific term of art, see the attached quotation. Compare to theory, and quotation given there.
- 2005, Ronald H. Pine, http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/intelligent_design_or_no_model_creationism, 15 October 2005:
- Far too many of us have been taught in school that a scientist, in the course of trying to figure something out, will first come up with a "hypothesis" (a guess or surmise—not necessarily even an "educated" guess). ... [But t]he word "hypothesis" should be used, in science, exclusively for a reasoned, sensible, knowledge-informed explanation for why some phenomenon exists or occurs. An hypothesis can be as yet untested; can have already been tested; may have been falsified; may have not yet been falsified, although tested; or may have been tested in a myriad of ways countless times without being falsified; and it may come to be universally accepted by the scientific community. An understanding of the word "hypothesis," as used in science, requires a grasp of the principles underlying Occam's Razor and Karl Popper's thought in regard to "falsifiability"—including the notion that any respectable scientific hypothesis must, in principle, be "capable of" being proven wrong (if it should, in fact, just happen to be wrong), but none can ever be proved to be true. One aspect of a proper understanding of the word "hypothesis," as used in science, is that only a vanishingly small percentage of hypotheses could ever potentially become a theory.
- 2005, Ronald H. Pine, http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/intelligent_design_or_no_model_creationism, 15 October 2005:
- (general) An assumption taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation.
- (grammar) The antecedent of a conditional statement.
Synonyms
- supposition
- theory
- thesis
- educated guess
- guess
- See also Thesaurus:supposition
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Latin
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ???????? (hupóthesis, “hypothesis”, noun).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /hy?po.t?e.sis/, [h??p?t???s??s?]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i?po.te.sis/, [i?p??t??s?is]
Noun
hypothesis f (genitive hypothesis or hypothese?s or hypothesios); third declension
- hypothesis
Declension
Third-declension noun (Greek-type, i-stem, i-stem).
1Found sometimes in Medieval and New Latin.
- There is also genitive plural hypothese?n.
- The genitive singular is also spelled hypothese?s and the genitive plural hypothese?n.
hypothesis From the web:
- what hypothesis mean
- what hypothesis will the experiment test
- what hypothesis test should i use
- what hypothesis is being tested in this experiment
- what hypothesis led to the discovery of the proton
- what hypothesis test to use
- what hypothesis was the basis of sturtevant's research
- what hypothesis was endler testing with this experiment
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