different between apartheid vs kitskonstabel

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, strictly) IPA^(key): /??p??the?t/, /??p??tha?t/
• (US, strictly) enPR: ?-pärt?h?t, IPA^(key): /??p??tha?t/
• (US, alternatively) enPR: ?-pärt?h?t, IPA^(key): /??p??the?t/
• Note: the h is very often not pronounced because of the difficulty of following /t/ with /h/, but the sequence is not pronounced as the digraph th (/ð/, /?/).
• (US, laxly) enPR: ?-pär?t?d, IPA^(key): /??p??.ta?d/

Noun

apartheid (countable and uncountable, plural apartheids)

1. (South Africa, historical) The policy of racial separation used by South Africa from 1948 to 1990.

   Synonym: plural relations

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, pages 127-8:

     The premise of apartheid was that whites were superior to Africans, Coloureds and Indians, and the function of it was to entrench white supremacy forever.

2. (by extension) Any similar policy of racial separation/segregation and discrimination.
   • 1963, Justice William O. Douglas, concurring, Lombard v. Louisiana (373 U.S. 267):

     When the doors of a business are open to the public, they must be open to all regardless of race if apartheid is not to become engrained in our public […] .

3. (by extension) A policy or situation of segregation based on some specified attribute.
   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:apartheid.

Verb

apartheid (third-person singular simple present apartheids, present participle apartheiding, simple past and past participle apartheided)

1. To impose a policy of segregation of groups of people, especially one based on race.

Antonyms

• antiapartheid

Related terms

Translations

Anagrams

• hit parade

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch apartheid.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [??part??it]

Noun

apartheid (uncountable)

1. apartheid

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?a??p?rt.??i?t/
• Hyphenation: apart?heid

Etymology 1

From apart (“separate, apart”) +? -heid (“-hood”).

Noun

apartheid f (plural apartheden, diminutive apartheidje n)

1. the state of being separate; separateness
2. a characteristic that sets something or someone apart

Descendants

• Afrikaans: apartheid

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid, from Dutch apartheid.

Noun

apartheid f (uncountable)

1. the policy of racial separation used in South Africa from 1948 to 1990; apartheid
2. (by extension) any similar policy of racial separation
   • 2007 December 13, "Prins Claus en de NCO", Andere Tijden, VPRO.

     In januari 1972 komt een subsidieaanvraag binnen van het Angola Comité voor een boycotactie van koffie afkomstig uit Angola. Het land is in die tijd een provincie van Portugal, dat hardnekkig weigert de voormalige kolonie op te geven. De actie is tegen kolonialisme, rassendiscriminatie en apartheid.

Derived terms

• apartheidsbeleid
• apartheidspolitiek

Anagrams

• hitparade

Finnish

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Noun

apartheid

1. apartheid

Declension

Derived terms

• apartheidpolitiikka

French

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.pa?.t?jd/
• Hyphenation: a?par?theid

Noun

apartheid m (plural apartheid)

1. (historical) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
2. apartheid (any policy of racial separation)

Synonyms

• ségrégation
• ségrégationnisme
• séparation

Anagrams

• hit-parade

Italian

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.par?tajd/

Noun

apartheid m (invariable)

1. (historical) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
2. apartheid (any policy of racial separation)

References

• apartheid in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid

Noun

apartheid m (definite singular apartheiden, uncountable)

1. apartheid

References

• “apartheid” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “apartheid” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid

Noun

apartheid m (definite singular apartheiden, uncountable)

1. apartheid

References

• “apartheid” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?par.txajt/, /a?par.tx?jt/

Noun

apartheid m inan

1. apartheid

Declension

Further reading

• apartheid in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• apartheid in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

apartheid m (plural apartheids)

1. (historical) apartheid (policy of racial separation in South Africa)
2. apartheid (any policy of racial separation)

Romanian

Etymology

From English apartheid.

Noun

apartheid n (uncountable)

1. apartheid

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Noun

apartheid m (plural apartheids or apartheid)

1. (historical) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
2. apartheid (any policy of racial separation)

English

Etymology

Afrikaans kits (“instant”) + konstabel (“constable”).

Noun

kitskonstabel (plural kitskonstabels)

1. (South Africa, historical, slang) A newly deputized constable in the South African police during the last days of apartheid; they were noted for their zealousness and lack of procedure. Their official name was special policeman.