different between alum vs alumna
alum
English
Alternative forms
- alumn
Etymology 1
From Middle English alum, alum, alym, alyme, from Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin al?men.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?æl.?m/
- Homophone: Allam
Noun
alum (countable and uncountable, plural alums)
- An astringent salt, usually occurring in the form of pale crystals, much used in the dyeing and tanning trade and in certain medicines, and now understood to be a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium (K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O). [from 14th c.]
- 1991, Felix Gilbert, The Pope, His Banker, and Venice, page 80,
- Venice also needed alum for trade, since it was the point of departure for overland transportation of alum to southern Germany and its cloth-manufacturing Free Cities.
- 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin 2012, p. 201:
- A natural astringent and antiseptic, potassium alum was coveted for its medicinal and cosmetic properties.
- 1991, Felix Gilbert, The Pope, His Banker, and Venice, page 80,
- (chemistry) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations. [from 17th c.]
- 1807, William Nicholson (editor), A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, Volume XVIII, page 286,
- With weld and cochineal, which are colouring matters the most sensible to the action of sulphate of iron, the purified alums gave us colours more brilliant, fresh, and in a slight degree lighter; while those with our common alums were all duller, and evidently of a deeper hue.
- 2000 June, Competition Science Vision, page 486,
- For similar reasons, aluminium sulphate and alums are used in dyeing cloth. […] Normally alums are soluble in water and insoluble in alcohols.
- 2005, Amit Arora, Text Book Of Inorganic Chemistry, page 386,
- In structure, the alums consist of simple ions, being not complexes, but double salts. Potash alum or potassium alum is the common alum, with the formula KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) which, for convenience, may be written K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O
- 1807, William Nicholson (editor), A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, Volume XVIII, page 286,
Synonyms
- (double sulphate of potassium and aluminum): potash alum
Derived terms
Related terms
- aluminiferous, aluniferous
- aluminiform
- aluminilite
- aluminise, aluminize
- aluminite
- aluminous
- alunite
- alunogen
Translations
See also
- apjohnite
- bosjemanite
- halotrichite
- kalinite
- websterite
Verb
alum (third-person singular simple present alums, present participle aluming, simple past and past participle alumed)
- (transitive) To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.
- 1839, Andrew Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines
- The silk should be boiled at the rate of 20 parts of soap per cent. , and then alumed. The aluming need not be so strong as for the fine crimson
- 1839, Andrew Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines
Derived terms
- unalumed
Translations
Etymology 2
From alumnus and alumna (> alumn- > alum), by the removal of the originally Latin gender-specific nominative singular case endings -us (masculine) and -a (feminine).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??l?m/
Noun
alum (plural alums)
- (shortening, Canada, US) A past attendee or graduate (of either gender) of a college, university or other educational institution.
- 1961 Spring, Anchora of Delta Gamma, Volume LXXVII, No. 3, page 59,
- Evanston-North Shore alums are happy to open their homes to Sigma actives for special social events.
- 2006, Ted Hart, James M. Greenfield, Pamela M. Gignac, Christopher Carnie, Major Donors: Finding Big Gifts in Your Database and Online, page 47,
- You'll remember that we're starting with a list of slightly over 7,000 names that are alums (most of them over 50) that we'd like to whittle down to a manageable list of prospects.
- 2009, Timothy C. Jacobson, Charity & Merit: Trinity School at 300, page 190,
- All schools that last have alums, and, ancient as it was by American standards, Trinity by mid-century had thousands.
- 1961 Spring, Anchora of Delta Gamma, Volume LXXVII, No. 3, page 59,
Synonyms
- (of any gender): alumni (often proscribed), alumnx
Hyponyms
- (the original Latin gender-specific loanwords): alumna (feminine), alumnus (of unspecified gender or masculine)
Anagrams
- Lamu, luma, malu, maul, mula
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *?lom, from Proto-Indo-European *h?eHlu (“esculent root”), uncertainly reconstructed. Related to Sanskrit ??? (?lu, “esculent root”), whence Hindi ??? (?lu, “potato, yam”), and the culinary borrowing, English aloo (“potato”), Latin allium (“garlic”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /?a?.lum/, [?ä??????]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?a.lum/, [???lum]
Noun
?lum n (genitive ?l?); second declension
- A plant, the comfrey
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
References
- alum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- alum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Latvian
Noun
alum m
- dative singular form of alus
Middle English
Noun
alum
- Alternative form of alym
Old French
Alternative forms
- allum, alun
Etymology
From Latin al?men.
Noun
alum m (oblique plural aluns, nominative singular aluns, nominative plural alum)
- alum
Descendants
- French: alun
- ? Middle English: alym, alyme, alum, alume, alumme, alom, alome
- English: alum
- Scots: aum, awm, alm
References
- alum on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
alum From the web:
alumna
English
Etymology
From Latin alumna.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??l?mn?/
Noun
alumna (plural alumnae or (archaic) alumnæ, masculine alumnus)
- A female pupil or student (especially of a university or college).
- A female graduate.
Hypernyms
- (of any gender): alum or alumn, alumni (often proscribed), alumnx
- (of unspecified gender): alumnus
Related terms
- alum
- alumnae
- alumni
- alumnus
Translations
Anagrams
- Manual, manual
Latin
Adjective
alumna
- nominative feminine singular of alumnus
- nominative neuter plural of alumnus
- accusative neuter plural of alumnus
- vocative feminine singular of alumnus
- vocative neuter plural of alumnus
Adjective
alumn?
- ablative feminine singular of alumnus
References
- alumna in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- alumna in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- alumna in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Spanish
Noun
alumna f (plural alumnas, masculine alumno, masculine plural alumnos)
- female equivalent of alumno
alumna From the web:
- what alumni means
- what alumni do on important anniversaries
- what alumni
- what alumni can do
- what alumna means
- alumna what does it mean
- alumna what does it mean in spanish
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