different between air vs strain

English

Alternative forms

• aire, ayre, eyr (obsolete)
• ayr (especially when referring to the form of music)

Etymology

From Middle English air, eir (“gas, atmosphere”), from Anglo-Norman aeir, eyer, Old French aire, eir, from Latin ??r, from Ancient Greek ??? (a?r, “wind, atmosphere”). Displaced native Middle English luft, lift (“air”) (from Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere”)), Middle English loft (“air, upper region”) (from Old Norse lopt (“air, sky, loft”)). More at lift, loft.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /???/, /???/
• (General American) enPR: âr, IPA^(key): /????/, /???/
• Rhymes: -??(?)
• Homophones: Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, are (unit of measurement); err (one pronunciation); e'er (US)

Noun

air (countable and uncountable, plural airs)

1. (uncountable, meteorology) The substance constituting earth's atmosphere, particularly:
   1. (historical, philosophy, alchemy) understood as one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
   2. (historical, medicine) understood as a particular local substance with supposed effects on human health.
      • 1991 May 12, "Kidnapped!" Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:

        Jeeves: Foreign travel often liberates emotions best kept in check, sir. The air of North America is notoriously stimulating in this regard, as witness the regrettable behavior of its inhabitants in 1776.
        B. Wooster: Hm? What happened in 1776, Jeeves?
        Jeeves: I prefer not to dwell on it, if it's convenient to you, sir.

   3. (physics) understood as a gaseous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and various trace gases.
2. (usually with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near vacuum of outer space.

3. A breeze; a gentle wind.
4. A feeling or sense.
   • November 2 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Sergio Agüero strike wins derby for Manchester City against 10-man United," guardian.co.uk

     Smalling’s quick one-two of yellow cards towards the end of the first half had left an air of inevitability about what would follow and, if anything, it was probably a surprise that City restricted themselves to Sergio Agüero’s goal bearing in mind another of United’s defenders, Marcos Rojo, was taken off on a stretcher early in the second half with a dislocated shoulder.

   • 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I,

     The girl stooped to pluck a rose, and as she bent over it, her profile was clearly outlined. She held the flower to her face with a long-drawn inhalation, then went up the steps, crossed the piazza, opened the door without knocking, and entered the house with the air of one thoroughly at home.

5. A sense of poise, graciousness, or quality.
   • 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, Volume I, Chapter 4:

     "He is very plain, undoubtedly—remarkably plain:—but that is nothing compared with his entire want of gentility. I had no right to expect much, and I did not expect much; but I had no idea that he could be so very clownish, so totally without air. I had imagined him, I confess, a degree or two nearer gentility."

6. (usually in the plural) Pretension; snobbishness; pretence that one is better than others.
7. (music) A song, especially a solo; an aria.
   • 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Chapter 18:

     "If I," said Mr. Collins, "were so fortunate as to be able to sing, I should have great pleasure, I am sure, in obliging the company with an air; for I consider music as a very innocent diversion, and perfectly compatible with the profession of a clergyman […] "

8. (informal) Nothing; absence of anything.
9. (countable, uncountable) An air conditioner or the processed air it produces.

10. (obsolete, chemistry) Any specific gas.
11. (snowboarding, skateboarding, motor sports) A jump in which one becomes airborne.
12. A television or radio signal.
13. (uncountable) Publicity.

Synonyms

• atmosphere
• aura
• lift
• nimbus
• gas

Derived terms

Pages starting with “air”.

Related terms

• aerate
• aero-
• aria

Translations

See air/translations § Noun.

Verb

air (third-person singular simple present airs, present participle airing, simple past and past participle aired)

1. To bring (something) into contact with the air, so as to freshen or dry it.
2. To let fresh air into a room or a building, to ventilate.

   It's getting quite stuffy in this room: let's open the windows and air it.

3. To discuss varying viewpoints on a given topic.
   • 1917, National Geographic, v.31, March 1917:

     Thus, in spite of all opposition, the rural and urban assemblies retained the germ of local government, and in spite of the dual control, as the result of which much of their influence was nullified, they did have a certain value in airing abuses and suggesting improvements.

4. (transitive) To broadcast (a television show etc.).
5. (intransitive) To be broadcast.

   This game show first aired in the 1990s and is still going today.

6. (Britain, MLE, slang) To ignore (a person).

   Why is this girl airing me?

Derived terms

• air out
• aired
• aired-out

Translations

Anagrams

• ARI, Ari, IAR, IRA, Ira, RIA, Rai, rai, raï, ria

Cornish

Alternative forms

• ayr

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [e??]

Noun

air m

1. air

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French air, from Middle French air, from Old French air, from Latin ??r.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??r/
• Hyphenation: aie
• Rhymes: -??r

Noun

air m (plural airs, diminutive airtje n)

1. air, pretension or pretentious attitude
2. tune, melody

Descendants

• Afrikaans: air

French

Etymology

From Old French air, aire, from Latin ??r.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??/
• Homophones: aire, airent, aires, airs, ère, ères, erre, errent, erres, ers, haire, haires, hère, hères

Noun

air m (plural airs)

1. air (gases of the atmosphere)
2. tune, aria
3. appearance
4. air (pretension)

Derived terms

Further reading

• “air” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• ira
• rai

Gothic

Romanization

air

1. Romanization of ????????????

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay air, from Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wair, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahi?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.??r/

Noun

air (first-person possessive airku, second-person possessive airmu, third-person possessive airnya)

1. water
   1. clear liquid H?O
   2. mineral water
   3. one of the four elements in alchemy
   4. one of the five basic elements in some other theories
2. (colloquial) a cockfight round which started by spraying water to the cock.

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

• “air” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish airid (“ploughs, tills”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a??/

Verb

air (present analytic aireann, future analytic airfidh, verbal noun ar, past participle airthe)

1. (literary, transitive, intransitive) plough

Conjugation

Noun

air m

1. genitive singular of ar

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (stressed) /???/, (unstressed) /???/

Pronoun

air (emphatic airsean)

1. third-person singular masculine of ar (on him, on it m)

Mutation

References

• "air" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “3 airid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Kedah Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wair, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahi?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ä.jäq/

Noun

air

1. water.

   Air manis

   Sweet water

Kein

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?i?/

Noun

air

1. woman

Further reading

• Bemal Organized Phonology Data

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *airo.

Noun

air

1. oar

Malay

Alternative forms

• ?^????

Etymology

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wair, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahi?.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /ae(r)/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /a?(r)/
• Rhymes: -ae(r), -e(r)

Noun

air (Jawi spelling ?????, informal 1st possessive airku, impolite 2nd possessive airmu, 3rd possessive airnya)

1. water (liquid H₂O)
   • 2012, Faridah Abdul Rashid, Research on the Early Malay Doctors : 1900-1957 : Malaya and Singapore [2]

     loji rawatan air

     water treatment plant

Derived terms

• air bah / ?^??? ???
• air mata / ?^??? ????

Descendants

• Indonesian: air

References

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

Norman

Etymology

From Latin ??r.

Noun

air m (plural airs)

1. air (mixture of gases that make up the earth's atmosphere)

Related terms

• atmosphère, atmosphéthe

Old French

Alternative forms

• aer, aïr, ar, eir, aeir, eyer, aire

Etymology

From Latin ??r.

Noun

air m (oblique plural airs, nominative singular airs, nominative plural air)

1. air (mixture of gases that make up the earth's atmosphere)

Descendants

• French: air
• Norman: air
• ? Middle English: air, eir
  • English: air
  • Scots: air

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• ar

Etymology

From the same root as ar (“for”, preposition).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ar?/

Conjunction

air

1. for (because, since)
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55^d11

   • c. 845, St. Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 159^a2

   • c. 845, St. Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 159^a3

Pohnpeian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?jir/

Verb

air

1. (transitive) to strip off, as when stripping insulation off a wire
2. (transitive) to wipe off a ropelike object by drawing it through one's hand or fingers

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?r?/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish for. Cognates include Irish ar and Manx er.

Preposition

air (+ dative)

1. on, upon

2. of, concerning

3. for, on account of

4. by

Inflection

Usage notes

• The word air and its derivates are used in many idioms:

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish for. Cognates include Irish air and Manx er.

Pronoun

air

1. third-person singular masculine of air: on him, on it

Inflection

References

• “air” in Edward Dwelly, Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic–English Dictionary, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 1911, ?ISBN.
• A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (John Grant, Edinburgh, 1925, Complied by Malcolm MacLennan)

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *airo.

Noun

air

1. oar

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ai?r/

Noun

air

1. Soft mutation of gair.

Mutation

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?e??n/
• Rhymes: -e?n

Etymology 1

From Middle English streen, strene, streon, istreon (“race, stock, generation”), from Old English str?on, ?estr?on (“gain, wealth”), from Proto-Germanic *streun? (“heap, treasure, profit, gain”), from Proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to spread, strew”) (cognate with Old Saxon gistriuni, Old High German gistriuni (“gain, property, wealth, business”), Latin strues (“heap”)). Confused in Middle English with the related noun strend, strynd, strund, from Old English str?nd (“race; stock”), from str?onan, str?nan (“to beget; acquire”). Related also to Dutch struinen (“to prowl, root about, rout”).

Noun

strain (plural strains)

1. (archaic) Race; lineage, pedigree.
2. (biology) A particular variety of a microbe, virus, or other organism, usually a taxonomically infraspecific one.
3. (figuratively) Hereditary character, quality, tendency, or disposition.

   Synonyms: propensity, proneness

   • a. 1694, John Tillotson, The Advantages of Religion to Societies

     Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which being propogated, spoil the strain of a nation.

4. (music, poetry) Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song, poem, etc.

   Synonyms: theme, motive, manner, style

5. Language that is eloquent, poetic, or otherwise heightened.

   (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

6. (rare) A kind or sort (of person etc.).
7. (obsolete) Treasure.
8. (obsolete) The blood-vessel in the yolk of an egg.

Translations

Related terms

• strew

Etymology 2

From Middle English straynen, streinen, streynen, from Old French estreindre (whence French étreindre (“to grip”)), from Latin stringere (“to draw tight together, to tie”).

Verb

strain (third-person singular simple present strains, present participle straining, simple past and past participle strained)

1. (obsolete) To hold tightly, to clasp.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.ii:

     So hauing said, her twixt her armes twaine / She straightly straynd, and colled tenderly [...].

   • Evander with a close embrace / Strained his departing friend.

   • 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds

     "Farewell!"—the mother strained her child to her heart again, and again put her from her, to embrace her more closely.

2. To apply a force or forces to by stretching out.

   to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship

   Relations between the United States and Guatemala traditionally have been close, although at times strained by human rights and civil/military issues.

3. To damage by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of force.

   The gale strained the timbers of the ship.

4. To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of form or volume, as when bending a beam.
5. To exert or struggle (to do something), especially to stretch (one's senses, faculties etc.) beyond what is normal or comfortable.

   Sitting in back, I strained to hear the speaker.

   • They strain their warbling throats / To welcome in the spring.

   • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4

     Thus my plight was evil indeed, for I had nothing now to burn to give me light, and knew that 'twas no use setting to grout till I could see to go about it. Moreover, the darkness was of that black kind that is never found beneath the open sky, no, not even on the darkest night, but lurks in close and covered places and strains the eyes in trying to see into it.

6. To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in terms of intent or meaning.

   to strain the law in order to convict an accused person

   • 1724, Jonathan Swift, Drapier's Letters, 4

     There can be no other meaning in this expression, however some may pretend to strain it.

7. (transitive) To separate solid from liquid by passing through a strainer or colander
8. (intransitive) To percolate; to be filtered.

   water straining through a sandy soil

9. To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent effort; to force; to constrain.
   • 1641, John Denham, The Sophy

     [He] Still talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth / Is forc'd and strained.
10. To urge with importunity; to press.

    to strain a petition or invitation
11. (transitive) hug somebody; to hold somebody tightly.

Derived terms

• strain every nerve

Translations

Noun

strain (countable and uncountable, plural strains)

1. The act of straining, or the state of being strained.
   • 1832, Charles Stewart Drewry (A.M.I.C.E.), A memoir on suspension bridges, page 183:

     If the Menai Bridge, for instance, were loaded at that rate, the entire strain on the main chains would be about 2000 tons ; while the chains containing 260 square inches of iron would bear, at 9 tons per square inch, 2340 tons, without stretching  ...

   • 2004, Sanjay Shrivastava, Medical Device Materials: Proceedings from the Materials & Processes for Medical Devices Conference 2003, 8-10 September 2003, Anaheim, California, ASM International (?ISBN), page 176:

     Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess the influence of strain on the corrosion resistance of passivated Nitinol and stainless steel implant materials. Materials and Methods Nitinol (50.8%at. Ni) wire (NDC, Fremont, CA) and 316L stainless ...

2. A violent effort; an excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.

3. An injury resulting from violent effort; a sprain.
4. (uncountable, engineering) A dimensionless measure of object deformation either referring to engineering strain or true strain.
5. (obsolete) The track of a deer.
   • 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, p. 145:

     When they have shot a Deere by land, they follow him like bloud-hounds by the bloud, and straine, and oftentimes so take them.

Derived terms

• breaking strain

Translations

Related terms

• stress
• strict
• stringent

Etymology 3

From Middle English strenen (“to beget, father, procreate”), from Old English str?onan, str?enan, str?nan (“to beget, generate, gain, acquire”), from Proto-Germanic *striunijan? (“to furnish, decorate, acquire”).

Verb

strain (third-person singular simple present strains, present participle straining, simple past and past participle strained)

1. (obsolete) To beget, generate (of light), engender, copulate (both of animals and humans), lie with, be born, come into the world.

Anagrams

• Sartin, Tarins, Trains, atrins, instar, santir, sartin, starin', tairns, tarins, trains