different between affect vs crush

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English affecten, from Latin affect?re, from Latin affectus, the participle stem of Latin afficere (“to act upon, influence, affect, attack with disease”), from ad- + facere (“to make, do”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: ?.f?kt', IPA^(key): /??f?kt/
• Rhymes: -?kt

Verb

affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affecting, simple past and past participle affected)

1. (transitive) To influence or alter.

   Synonyms: alter, change, have an effect on, have an impact on, influence
2. (transitive) To move to emotion.

   Synonyms: move, touch

   • 1757, Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful

     A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure principles.

3. (transitive, pathology) Of an illness or condition, to infect or harm (a part of the body).

   Synonyms: attack, harm, infect

4. (transitive, archaic) To dispose or incline.
5. (transitive, archaic) To tend to by affinity or disposition.

   • The drops of every fluid affect a round figure.

6. (transitive, archaic) To assign; to appoint.

   • One of the domestics was affected to his special service.

Usage notes

Affect and effect are sometimes confused. Affect conveys influence over something that already exists, but effect indicates the manifestation of new or original ideas or entities:

• "...new policies have effected major changes in government."
• "...new policies have affected major changes in government."

The former indicates that major changes were made as a result of new policies, while the latter indicates that before new policies, major changes were in place, and that the new policies had some influence over these existing changes.

The verbal noun uses of affect are distinguished from the verbal noun uses of effect more clearly than the regular verb forms. An affect is something that acts or acted upon something else. However, an effect is the result of an action (by something else).

Conjugation

Derived terms

• affectingly

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English affecten, from Anglo-Norman affecter (“strive after”), Middle French affecter (“feign”), and their source, Latin affect?re (“to strive after, aim to do, pursue, imitate with dissimulation, feign”), frequentative of afficere (“to act upon, influence”) (see Etymology 1, above).

Pronunciation

• enPR: ?f?kt', IPA^(key): /??f?kt/
• Rhymes: -?kt

Verb

affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affecting, simple past and past participle affected)

1. (transitive) To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume. To make a false display of. [from 16th c.]

   Synonyms: fake, simulate, feign
2. (obsolete, transitive) To aim for, to try to obtain. [15th-19th c.]
3. (transitive, rare) To feel affection for (someone); to like, be fond of. [from 16th c.]
   • c. 1589, William Shakespeare, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act III, Scene 1,^[1]

     There is a Lady in Verona heere

     Whom I affect: but she is nice, and coy,

     And naught esteemes my aged eloquence.

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, VI.10:

     From that day forth she gan to him affect, / And daily more her favour to augment […]

   • 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-History of Britain, London: John Williams, Book 5, p. 173,^[2]

     As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected, then affected; rather honoured, then loved her.

   • 1663, Samuel Butler, Hudibras, part 1, canto 1:

     But when he pleased to show 't, his speech / In loftiness of sound was rich; / A Babylonish dialect, / Which learned pedants much affect.

4. (transitive, obsolete) To show a fondness for (something); to choose. [from 16th c.]
   • 1603, John Florio, translating Michel de Montaigne, Essays, III.9:

     Amongst humane conditions this one is very common, that we are rather pleased with strange things then with our owne; we love changes, affect alterations, and like innovations.

   • c. 1607, William Shakespeare, Timon of Athens, Act I, Scene 2,^[3]

     Go, let him have a table by himself, for he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for’t, indeed.

   • 1825, William Hazlitt, “On the Conduct of life: or Advice to a schoolboy” in Table-Talk Volume II, Paris: A. & W. Galignani, p. 284,^[4]

     Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great.

Derived terms

• affected
• affectedly
• affectedness
• affectation
• affecter

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English affect, from Latin affectus, adfectus (“a state of mind or body produced by some (external) influence, especially sympathy or love”), from afficere (“to act upon, influence”)

Pronunciation

• enPR: ?'f?kt, IPA^(key): /?æ.f?kt/

Noun

affect (plural affects)

1. (obsolete) One's mood or inclination; mental state. [14th-17th c.]
2. (obsolete) A desire, an appetite. [16th-17th c.]
3. (psychology) A subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus; mood, emotion, especially as demonstrated in external physical signs. [from 19th c.]
   • 1999, Joyce Crick, translating Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, Oxford 2008, p. 62:

     if we are afraid of robbers in a dream, the robbers are certainly imaginary, but the fear is real. This draws our attention to the fact that the development of affects [transl. Affectentwicklung] in dreams is not amenable to the judgement we make of the rest of the dream-content [...].

   • 2004, Jeffrey Greenberg & Thomas A Pyszczynski, Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology, p. 407:

     A third study demonstrated that the effects of self-affirmation on self-regulated performance were not due to positive affect.

Usage notes

Affect and effect can both be used as nouns or verbs, but when used as a noun the word affect is limited to the above psychology uses and the definitions for effect are much more common. See also the usage notes as a verb above.

Derived terms

• affect display
• flat affect
• labile affect

Related terms

• affective
• affection
• affectionate

Translations

References

• affect in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “affect”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin affectus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.f?kt/

Noun

affect m (plural affects)

1. (psychology, philosophy) affect; emotion

Related terms

• affectif

See also

• intellect

Further reading

• “affect” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Scots

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??f?k(t)/

Etymology 1

Verb

affect (third-person singular present affects, present participle affectin, past affectit, past participle affectit)

1. to affect
2. (law) to burden property with a fixed charge or payment, or other condition or restriction

Etymology 2

Noun

affect (plural affects)

1. affect, mood

References

• Eagle, Andy, ed. (2016) The Online Scots Dictionary, Scots Online.

English

Etymology

From Middle English cruschen (“to crush, smash, squeeze, squash”), from Old French croissir (“to crush”), from Late Latin *cruscio (“to brush”), from Frankish *krostjan (“to crush, squeeze, squash”). Akin to Gothic ???????????????????????????????? (kriustan, “to gnash”), Old Swedish krusa (“to crush”), Middle Low German krossen (“to break”), Swedish krysta (“to squeeze”), Danish kryste (“to squash”), Icelandic kreista (“to squeeze, squash”), Faroese kroysta (“to squeeze”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k???/
• Rhymes: -??

Noun

crush (countable and uncountable, plural crushes)

1. A violent collision or compression; a crash; destruction; ruin.
2. Violent pressure, as of a moving crowd.
3. A crowd that produces uncomfortable pressure.

   a crush at a reception

4. A violent crowding.
5. A crowd control barrier.
6. A drink made by squeezing the juice out of fruit.
7. (informal) An infatuation with somebody one is not dating.

   I've had a huge crush on her since we met many years ago.

   1. (informal, by extension) The human object of such infatuation or affection.
   • 2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage

     It had taken nine years from the evening that Truman first showed up with a pie plate at her mother's door, but his dogged perseverance eventually won him the hand of his boyhood Sunday school crush.

8. A standing stock or cage with movable sides used to restrain livestock for safe handling.
9. (dated) A party or festive function.
   • 1890, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray chapter 1

     Two months ago I went to a crush at Lady Brandon's.

10. (Australia) The process of crushing cane to remove the raw sugar, or the season when this process takes place.
11. (television, uncountable) The situation where certain colors are so similar as to be hard to distinguish, either as a deliberate effect or as a limitation of a display.

    black crush; white crush

Hyponyms

• (infatuation): squish

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

crush (third-person singular simple present crushes, present participle crushing, simple past and past participle crushed)

1. To press between two hard objects; to squeeze so as to alter the natural shape or integrity of it, or to force together into a mass.

   to crush grapes

   • 1769, Benjamin Blayney, King James Bible : Leviticus 22:24

     Ye shall not offer unto the Lord that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut

2. To reduce to fine particles by pounding or grinding

   Synonym: comminute

   to crush quartz

   • 1912, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes, Chapter 1

     With a wild scream he was upon her, tearing a great piece from her side with his mighty teeth, and striking her viciously upon her head and shoulders with a broken tree limb until her skull was crushed to a jelly.

3. (figuratively) To overwhelm by pressure or weight.

   After the corruption scandal, the opposition crushed the ruling party in the elections

4. (figuratively, colloquial) To do impressively well at (sports events; performances; interviews; etc.).

   They had a gig recently at Madison Square—totally crushed it!

5. To oppress or grievously burden.
7. To overcome completely; to subdue totally.

   The sultan's black guard crushed every resistance bloodily.
8. (intransitive) To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller compass, by external weight or force

   an eggshell crushes easily

9. (intransitive) To feel infatuation or unrequited love.

   She's crushing on him.
10. (film, television) To give a compressed or foreshortened appearance to.
    • 2003, Michel Chion, The Films of Jacques Tati (page 78)

      He frames his subject in distant close-ups (we feel the distance, due mostly to the crushed perspective brought about by the telephoto lens).

    • 2010, Birgit Bräuchler, John Postill, Theorising Media and Practice (page 319)

      They realise that trajectories, space expansion and crushing are different with different lenses, whether wide angle or telephoto, and that actors' eyelines will be altered.

11. (transitive, television) To make certain colors so similar as to be hard to distinguish, either as a deliberate effect or as a limitation of a display.

    My old TV set crushes the blacks when the brightness is lowered.

Derived terms

Synonyms

• (trans, to squeeze into a permanent new shape) squash
• (to pound or grind into fine particles) pulverize, pulverise
• (to overwhelm) overtake
• (to impress at) ace; slay at, kill

Translations

References

• crush in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• Rusch, Schur, churs

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English crush.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?k???/, /?k???/

Noun

crush m or m f (in variation) (plural crushes or crush)

1. (colloquial) crush (a love interest)