different between abusive vs bitter
abusive
English
Etymology
First attested in the 1530s. From French abusif, from Latin ab?s?vus, from abusus + -ivus (“-ive”). Equivalent to abuse +? -ive.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??bju?.s?v/
- (US) IPA(key): /??bju.s?v/, /??bju.z?v/
Adjective
abusive (comparative more abusive, superlative most abusive)
- Prone to treat someone badly by coarse, insulting words or other maltreatment; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
- (obsolete) Tending to deceive; fraudulent. [Attested only from the early to mid 17th century.]
- 1623, Francis Bacon, A Discourse of a War with Spain
- an abusive treaty
- 1623, Francis Bacon, A Discourse of a War with Spain
- (archaic) Tending to misuse; practising or containing abuse. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
- Being physically or emotionally injurious; characterized by repeated violence or other abuse.
- Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied; unjust; illegal. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
- (archaic) Catachrestic. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
Synonyms
- (prone to treating badly): reproachful, scurrilous, opprobrious, insolent, insulting, injurious, offensive, reviling, berating, vituperative
Derived terms
- abusively
- abusiveness
Translations
References
French
Adjective
abusive
- feminine singular of abusif
Italian
Adjective
abusive
- feminine plural of abusivo
Latin
Adjective
ab?s?ve
- vocative masculine singular of ab?s?vus
References
- abusive in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
abusive From the web:
- what abusive mean
- what abuse
- what abuses in the church required reform
- what abuse does to the brain
- what abuse does to a person
- what abuse inspired the fourth amendment
- what abusers say
- what abuse causes narcissism
bitter
English
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /?b?t?/, [?b?t??], (colloquially also) [?b???]
- (General American) IPA(key): /?b?t??/, [?b???]
- Hyphenation: bit?ter
- Rhymes: -?t?(r)
- Homophone: bidder (in some dialects)
Etymology 1
From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite +? -er (adjectival suffix). Compare Saterland Frisian bitter (“bitter”), West Frisian bitter (“bitter”), Dutch bitter (“bitter”), Low German bitter (“bitter”), German bitter (“bitter”), Swedish bitter (“bitter”), Icelandic bitur (“bitter”).
Adjective
bitter (comparative bitterer or more bitter, superlative bitterest or most bitter)
- Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).
- Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth […].
- 2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, Wired, "The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel":
- A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.
- Harsh, piercing or stinging.
- 1999, Neil Gaiman, Stardust, p.31 (Perennial paperback edition)
- It was at the end of February, […] when the world was cold, and a bitter wind howled down the moors […].
- 1999, Neil Gaiman, Stardust, p.31 (Perennial paperback edition)
- Hateful or hostile.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
- He inveighed against the folly of making oneself liable for the debts of others; vented many bitter execrations against the brother; and concluded with wishing something could be done for the unfortunate family.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
- Cynical and resentful.
Usage notes
- The one-word comparative form bitterer and superlative form bitterest exist, but are less common than their two-word counterparts more bitter and most bitter.
Synonyms
- (cynical and resentful): jaded
Antonyms
- (cynical and resentful): optimistic
Derived terms
- bitter pill to swallow
- bittersome
Descendants
- Sranan Tongo: bita
Translations
See also
- bitter end
Noun
bitter (countable and uncountable, plural bitters)
- (usually in the plural bitters) A liquid or powder, made from bitter herbs, used in mixed drinks or as a tonic.
- 1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer
- Thus I begin: "All is not gold that glitters,
- "Pleasure seems sweet, but proves a glass of bitters.
- 1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer
- A type of beer heavily flavored with hops.
- (nautical) A turn of a cable about the bitts.
Synonyms
- (beer): English pale ale, EPA
Derived terms
- brought up to a bitter
Translations
Verb
bitter (third-person singular simple present bitters, present participle bittering, simple past and past participle bittered)
- To make bitter.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Wolcott to this entry?)
Etymology 2
bit +? -er
Noun
bitter (plural bitters)
- (computing, informal, in combination) A hardware system whose architecture is based around units of the specified number of bits (binary digits).
- 1983, Computerworld (volume 17, number 49, page 21)
- However, 16-bitters are far more expensive than the 8-bit variety. And, unfortunately, have only a handful of business applications software packages that really take advantage of them.
- 1984, Electronic Business (volume 10, page 154)
- The company believes that the 32-bit market will almost equal that of 16-bitters by the end of the decade. Chip maker Zilog Inc., not a major player in the 16-bit arena, is even more bullish about 32-bitters as it readies its own version for market.
- 1983, Computerworld (volume 17, number 49, page 21)
Danish
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Middle Low German bitter.
Adjective
bitter
- bitter (all meanings)
Inflection
Related terms
- bitterhed
- forbitret
Noun
bitter c (singular definite bitteren, plural indefinite bittere)
- bitter (the liquid used in drinks)
- A bitter form of an aquavit
Inflection
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English bitter.
Noun
bitter c
- bitter (type of beer - only known generally in Denmark for a few years)
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?b?t?r/
- Hyphenation: bit?ter
- Rhymes: -?t?r
Adjective
bitter (comparative bitterder, superlative bitterst)
- bitter (having an acrid taste)
- bitter, embittered
Inflection
Derived terms
- verbitteren
Related terms
- verbitterd
Descendants
- Afrikaans: bitter
See also
- (tastes) smaak; bitter, zoet, zout, zuur (Category: nl:Taste)
Noun
bitter m or n (plural bitters, diminutive bittertje n)
- A type of strong spirits made by steeping (often bitter) herbs in brandy or jenever, traditionally considered a digestive drink.
Usage notes
When used in a countable sense (a serving of bitter), the diminutive is the usual form.
Derived terms
- bitterbal
- oranjebitter
- kruidenbitter
Synonyms
- kruidenbitter
Descendants
- Afrikaans: bitter
- ? Sranan Tongo: bita
Further reading
- The article Bitters on Wikipedia
Finnish
Noun
bitter
- bitter (type of beer)
Declension
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bi.te/
Verb
bitter
- (transitive, slang) to understand, usually used in negative form and especially with rien.
Conjugation
Synonyms
- comprendre
German
Etymology
From Middle High German bitter, pitter, from Old High German bittar, from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz. Compare Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, English bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?b?.t?/
Adjective
bitter (comparative bitterer, superlative am bittersten)
- bitter
(tastes) Geschmack; bitter, salzig, sauer, süß (Category: de:Taste)
Declension
Derived terms
- bitterkalt
- bittersüß
- Bitterkeit
- verbittern
Adverb
bitter
- bitterly
Synonyms
- verbittert
Further reading
- “bitter” in Duden online
- “bitter” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “bitter” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
Italian
Etymology
From English bitters
Noun
bitter m (invariable)
- bitters
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?b?t??r/
Adjective
bitter
- bitter (taste)
- sad, painful
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: bitter
- Limburgish: bitter
Further reading
- “bitter”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “bitter”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Middle Low German bitter and Old Norse bitr
Adjective
bitter (neuter singular bittert, definite singular and plural bitre, comparative bitrere, indefinite superlative bitrest, definite superlative bitreste)
- bitter
Derived terms
- bitterhet
References
- “bitter” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Middle Low German bitter and Old Norse bitr
Adjective
bitter (neuter singular bittert, definite singular and plural bitre, comparative bitrare, indefinite superlative bitrast, definite superlative bitraste)
- bitter
References
- “bitter” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?bit.ter/
Adjective
bitter
- Alternative form of biter
Declension
Old High German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?bit.ter/
Adjective
bitter
- Alternative form of bittar
References
- Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse bitr (partly through the influence of Middle Low German bitter), from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.
Pronunciation
Adjective
bitter (comparative bittrare, superlative bittrast)
- bitter; having an acrid taste
- bitter; hateful
- bitter; resentful
Declension
Anagrams
- bittre
bitter From the web:
- what bitters for old fashioned
- what bitter means
- what bitters to buy
- what bitter melon good for
- what bitters to use for an old fashioned
- what bitters go in old fashioned
- what bitters for manhattan
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