different between abugida vs null
abugida
English
Etymology
Coined 1990 by Peter T. Daniels by adapting Ge'ez ???? (?äbugida, “Ge'ez script”) (based on the Hebrew alphabet order: ?? (alef), ?? (bet), ?? (gimel), ?? (dalet) and traditional vowel order - see 1997 quotation below).
Pronunciation
- (General American, Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??bu??i?d?/
Noun
abugida (plural abugidas)
- (linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, such that symbols for syllables not including the default vowel are generated by adding a common notation to indicate the vowel that it does include.
- 1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,
- An abugida is a script that uses characters for CV syllables wherein the several characters for some consonant plus the language's array of vowels are modifications of the character for that consonant followed by the unmarked vowel (phonemically /a/).
- 2007, Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard 5.0, Addison-Wesley, page 200,
- In an abugida, each consonant carries an inherent vowel, usually /a/.
- 1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,
- (linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, typically such that symbols for different syllables are generated by adding, altering or removing the vowel portion, often by applying a diacritic to a stable consonant symbol.
- 1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,
- For the scripts of the Semitic languages, five categories are needed: logography, syllabary, abjad, alphabet, and abugida. A sixth, featural script, appears when Arabic script is adapted to non-Semitic languages. […] (The English word "abugida" is borrowed from the Amharic term for the letters of the script when taken in the order known from the Ge'ez transliterations of the Hebrew letter names found in the superscriptions of the sections of Psalm 119, as used in the liturgy; it takes the first four consonants and the first four vowels in their traditional order of presentation.)
- 2015, Patricia Donegan, 1: The Emergence of Phonological Representation, Brian MacWhinney, William O'Grady (editors, The Handbook of Language Emergence, John Wiley & Sons (Wiley Blackwell), page 39,
- The widespread use and easy learnability of alphabetic writing systems, the typical arrangement of syllabic or abugida phoneme classes (as with Japanese kana, or devanagari), rhyme and alliteration, folk naming of correlative phoneme sets (like the “hard” and “soft” consonant groups of Slavic languages), differential learning of L2 sounds that can and cannot be readily identified with an L1 phoneme (Best, McRoberts, and Sithole, Werker and Tees, 1984b; Best and Tyler, 2007) - all assure us that phonemic perception and representation are not merely a result of alphabetic writing.
- 1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,
Usage notes
Languages that use abugidas include Amharic, Hindi and Burmese, as well as Cree and Ojibwe (for which Canadian Aboriginal syllabics were introduced during the 19th century). Note that Cree, Ojibwe and Lao do not use abugidas in the first sense, for they do not have default vowels, but they do use alphasyllabaries. For a list of abugidas, see List of writing systems#Abugidas on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Synonyms
- alphasyllabary
Hypernyms
- signary
Derived terms
- abugidic
Translations
See also
- abjad
- alphabet
- semi-syllabary
- syllabary
Further reading
- Ge?ez script on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Writing system on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Syllabic alphabets on Omniglot
French
Noun
abugida m (plural abugidas)
- abugida
Synonyms
- alphasyllabaire
Italian
Noun
abugida m (plural abugidi)
- abugida
- Synonym: alfasillabario
Portuguese
Noun
abugida m (plural abugidas)
- (linguistics) abugida (writing system in which consonant-vowel sequences are written as a unit)
abugida From the web:
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null
English
Alternative forms
- Ø (linguistics, abbreviation)
- ? (mathematics, abbreviation)
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle French nul, from Latin n?llus.
Pronunciation
- (UK, US) IPA(key): /n?l/
- Rhymes: -?l
Noun
null (plural nulls)
- A non-existent or empty value or set of values.
- Zero quantity of expressions; nothing.
- Something that has no force or meaning.
- (computing) the ASCII or Unicode character (?), represented by a zero value, that indicates no character and is sometimes used as a string terminator.
- (computing) the attribute of an entity that has no valid value.
- Since no date of birth was entered for the patient, his age is null.
- One of the beads in nulled work.
- (statistics) Null hypothesis.
Translations
Adjective
null (comparative more null, superlative most null)
- Having no validity; "null and void"
- Insignificant.
- 1924, Marcel Proust, Within a Budding Grove:
- In proportion as we descend the social scale our snobbishness fastens on to mere nothings which are perhaps no more null than the distinctions observed by the aristocracy, but, being more obscure, more peculiar to the individual, take us more by surprise.
- 1924, Marcel Proust, Within a Budding Grove:
- Absent or non-existent.
- (mathematics) Of the null set.
- (mathematics) Of or comprising a value of precisely zero.
- (genetics, of a mutation) Causing a complete loss of gene function, amorphic.
Antonyms
- antinull
- non-null
Derived terms
- null determiner
- nullary
- nullity
Verb
null (third-person singular simple present nulls, present participle nulling, simple past and past participle nulled)
- (transitive, archaic) To nullify; to annul.
- To form nulls, or into nulls, as in a lathe.
- (computing, slang, transitive) To crack; to remove restrictions or limitations in (software).
Related terms
- annul
- nulled work
See also
- nil
Cimbrian
Etymology
From Latin n?llus (“none”).
Numeral
null
- (Luserna) zero
References
- “null” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Estonian
Numeral
null
- zero
Faroese
Etymology
From Latin nullus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /n?l?/
- Rhymes: -?l?
Numeral
null
- zero
Noun
null n (genitive singular nuls, plural null)
- (mathematics) the numeric symbol that represents the cardinal number zero
Declension
German
Etymology
From the noun Null (“the number zero”), from Italian nulla, from Latin nulla, feminine singular of nullus (“no, none”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /n?l/
Numeral
null
- zero; nil; nought; (tennis) love (integer number between -1 and 1, denoting no quantity at all)
- (colloquial) zero; no
- Synonym: (überhaupt) kein
Coordinate terms
Adjective
null (not comparable)
- (specialist, law, chiefly predicative) null (having no validity)
Declension
Derived terms
- null und nichtig (also in common use)
Further reading
- “null” in Duden online and “null” in Duden online; cp. “null” in Duden online and “null” in Duden online
- “null” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache; cp. “Null” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nul/
Numeral
null
- zero
Further reading
- Online Hunsrik Dictionary
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Latin nullus (“no one, none, no”), from Proto-Italic *ne oinolos, from Proto-Italic *oinos (“one”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”).
Determiner
null
- no (determiner: not any)
- ha null penger - to have no money
Numeral
null
- zero, nought, nil
Noun
null m (definite singular nullen, indefinite plural nuller, definite plural nullene)
null n (definite singular nullet, indefinite plural null or nuller, definite plural nulla or nullene)
- zero (numeric symbol of zero), nought, nil
- a nobody or nonentity (derogatory about a person)
Derived terms
- nullstille
- nulltoleranse
- nullvekst
References
- “null” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Latin nullus
Determiner
null
- no (determiner: not any)
- ha null pengar - to have no money
Numeral
null
- zero, nought, nil
Noun
null m (definite singular nullen, indefinite plural nullar, definite plural nullane)
null n (definite singular nullet, indefinite plural null, definite plural nulla)
- zero (numeric symbol of zero), nought, nil
- a nobody or nonentity (derogatory about a person)
Derived terms
- nulltoleranse
- nullvekst
References
- “null” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Pennsylvania German
Etymology
Compare German null.
Numeral
null
- zero
null From the web:
- what null means
- what nullified the missouri compromise
- what nullifies wudu
- what null hypothesis
- what nullifies fasting
- what nullify means
- what null and alternative hypothesis
- what nullifies your fast
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