different between abrupt vs peremptory

English

Etymology

First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrump? (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rump? (“to break”).

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /?.b??pt/, /æ?b??pt/
• Rhymes: -?pt

Adjective

abrupt (comparative more abrupt or abrupter, superlative most abrupt or abruptest)

1. (obsolete, rare) Broken away (from restraint). [Attested only in the late 16th century.]
2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
3. Curt in manner. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

   Synonyms: brusque, rude, uncivil, impolite
4. Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
   • 1641, Ben Jonson, Discoveries Made upon Men and Matter

     The abrupt style, which hath many breaches.

5. (obsolete) Broken off. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 18th century.]
6. Extremely steep or craggy as if broken up; precipitous. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

   • The mazy-running brook
     Forms a deep pool; this bank abrupt and high.
7. (botany) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

   (Can we find and add a quotation of en to this entry?)

Synonyms

• (precipitous): broken, rough, rugged
• (without time to prepare): sudden; see also Thesaurus:sudden
• (uncivil): blunt, brusque
• (without transition): disconnected, unexpected

Translations

Verb

abrupt (third-person singular simple present abrupts, present participle abrupting, simple past and past participle abrupted)

1. (transitive, archaic) To tear off or asunder. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]
   • 1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici

     Till death abrupts them.

2. To interrupt suddenly. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

Translations

Noun

abrupt (plural abrupts)

1. (poetic) Something which is abrupt; an abyss. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

Translations

References

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abruptus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.b?ypt/

Adjective

abrupt (feminine singular abrupte, masculine plural abrupts, feminine plural abruptes)

1. Extremely steep, near vertical.
2. Curt and abrupt.
3. Done or said forwardly and without caution to avoid shocking.

Derived terms

• abruptement

Further reading

• “abrupt” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abruptus.

Pronunciation

Adjective

abrupt (comparative abrupter, superlative am abruptesten)

1. abrupt, suddenly
2. jerkingly

Declension

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrump? (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rump? (“to break”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?br?pt/
• Rhymes: -?pt
• Hyphenation: ab?rupt

Adjective

abrupt (neuter singular abrupt, definite singular and plural abrupte, comparative mer abrupt, superlative mest abrupt)

1. abrupt (having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed)

   abrupte setninger

   abrupt sentences

   abrupt tale

   abrupt speech

Synonyms

• plutselig (“suddenly”)
• brå (“abrupt”)

Derived terms

• abrupthet (“abruptness”)

References

• “abrupt” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “abrupt” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “abrupt” in Store norske leksikon

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French abrupt, Latin abruptus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?brupt/

Adjective

abrupt m or n (feminine singular abrupt?, masculine plural abrup?i, feminine and neuter plural abrupte)

1. abrupt
2. extremely steep, near vertical

Declension

References

Swedish

Pronunciation

Adjective

abrupt

1. abrupt, sudden

Declension

Adverb

abrupt

1. suddenly

Synonyms

• plötsligt

English

Etymology

From Anglo-Norman peremptorie, parentorie et al. (Modern French péremptoire), and its source, Latin perempt?rius (“deadly; decisive”), from perim? (“destroy”), from per- (“thorough”) + em? (“I take, I acquire”) (compare English emporium (“store”)).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /p????mpt??i/

Adjective

peremptory (comparative more peremptory, superlative most peremptory)

1. (law) Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal
   • 1596, Francis Bacon, Maxims of the Law, II:

     there is no reason but if any of the outlawries be indeed without error, but it should be a peremptory plea to the person in a writ of error, as well as in any other action.

   Synonyms: positive, absolute, decisive, conclusive, final

2. Positive in opinion or judgment; absolutely certain, overconfident, unwilling to hear any debate or argument (especially in a pejorative sense); dogmatic.
   • 2003, Andrew Marr, The Guardian, 6 Jan 03:

     He marched under a placard reading "End Bossiness Now" but decided it was a little too peremptory, not quite British, so changed the slogan on subsequent badges, to "End Bossiness Soon."

3. (obsolete) Firmly determined, resolute; obstinate, stubborn.
4. Accepting no refusal or disagreement; imperious, dictatorial.
   • […] less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book. Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart.

   • 1999, Anthony Howard, The Guardian, 2 Jan 99:

     Though today (surveying that yellowing document) I shudder at the peremptory tone of the instructions I gave, Alastair - in that same volume in which I get chastised for my coverage of the Macmillan rally - was generous enough to remark that my memorandum became 'an office classic'.

Derived terms

• peremptorily
• peremptory challenge

Translations

Noun

peremptory (plural peremptories)

1. (law) A challenge to the admission of a juror, without the challenger needing to show good cause.
   • 2015 June 18, Justice Alito, Davis v. Ayala, Case No. 13-1428:

     Each side was allowed 20 peremptories, and the prosecution used 18 of its allotment.

References

• peremptory in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• preemptory, preëmptory