different between abridge vs incur

English

Etymology

• From Middle English abreggen (“curtail, lessen”), abregge, abrigge, from Old French abregier abreger, from Late Latin abbrevio (“make brief”), from ad- + br?vio (“shorten”).. Doublet of abbreviate.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??b??d??/
• (US) IPA^(key): /??b??d??/
• Rhymes: -?d?
• Hyphenation: a?bridge

Verb

abridge (third-person singular simple present abridges, present participle abridging, simple past and past participle abridged)

1. (transitive, archaic) To deprive; to cut off. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350)]
2. (transitive, archaic, rare) To debar from. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350)]
3. (transitive) To make shorter; to shorten in duration or extent. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
   • 1639, Thomas Fuller, The Historie of the Holy Warre, Cambridge, Book 2, Chapter 31, p. 85,^[1]

     She retired her self to Sebaste, and abridged her train from State to necessity.

   • 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, Chapter 86,^[2]

     The bridegroom, perceiving his condition, abridged the visit […]

4. (transitive) To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense[First attested in 1384.]. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
   • 1911, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica - Johnson, Samuel

     It was still necessary for the man who had been formerly saluted by the highest authority as dictator of the English language to supply his wants by constant toil. He abridged his Dictionary. He proposed to bring out an edition of Shakespeare by subscription, and many subscribers sent in their names and laid down their money; but he soon found the task so little to his taste that he turned to more attractive employments.
5. (transitive) Cut short; truncate. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
6. (transitive) To curtail. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]

Usage notes

• (deprive): Usually used with to or sometimes with from as, to abridge someone of his rights.

Derived terms

• abridged
• abridger
• abridgement

Related terms

• unabridged

Translations

References

Anagrams

• bigrade, brigade

English

Alternative forms

• encur

Etymology

From Middle English incurren, from Anglo-Norman encurir, Middle French encourir, from Old French encorre, from Latin incurrere.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?n?k??/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?n?k?/
• Rhymes: -??(r)

Verb

incur (third-person singular simple present incurs, present participle incurring, simple past and past participle incurred)

1. (transitive) to bring upon oneself or expose oneself to, especially something inconvenient, harmful, or onerous; to become liable or subject to
   • 1891, Henry Graham Dakyns (translator), The works of Xenophon, "The Hellenica", Book 5, Chapter 3,

     [T]he master in his wrath may easily incur worse evil himself than he inflicts—[...]

   • 1910, Nicholas Machiavelli, translated by Ninian Hill Thomson, The Prince, Chapter XIX,

     And here it is to be noted that hatred is incurred as well on account of good actions as of bad;

   1. (chiefly law, accounting) to render somebody liable or subject to
      • 1861, Francis Colburn Adams, An Outcast, Chapter VII,

        The least neglect of duty will incur[...] the penalty of thirty-nine well laid on in the morning.

      • 1605, George Chapman, Ben Jonson and John Marston, Eastward Ho

        Lest you incur me much more damage in my fame than you have done me pleasure in preserving my life.

2. (obsolete, transitive) to enter or pass into
3. (obsolete, intransitive) to fall within a period or scope; to occur; to run into danger

Synonyms

• (to bring down or expose oneself to): encounter, contract (debts, etc.)
• (to render liable or subject to): occasion

Related terms

• incurrence
• incursion
• incursive

Translations

Anagrams

• Runic, runic