different between above vs behind
above
English
Alternative forms
- aboue (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ?bufan, onbufan, from a (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch b?ven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from b? (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon o?an, Old High German obana.
The preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??b?v/
- (General American) IPA(key): /??b?v/
- Rhymes: -?v
Preposition
above
- Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing. [first attested before 1150.]
- In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface. [first attested before 1150]
- Antonyms: below, beneath
- Farther north than. [first attested before 1150]
- Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise. [first attested around 1150–1350]
- (figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts. [first attested around 1150–1350]
- Higher in rank, status, or position. [first attested around 1150–1350]
- In addition to; besides. [first attested around 1150–1350]
- Surpassing in number or quantity; more than. [first attested around 1350–1470]
- In preference to.
- Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;
- Beyond; on the other side.
- (theater) Upstage of.
Usage notes
- (surpassing in number or quantity): passing into the adverbial sense.
Derived terms
Translations
Adverb
above (not comparable)
- Directly overhead; vertically on top of. [first attested before 1150.]
- Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go. [first attested before 1150.]
- Into or from heaven; in the sky. [first attested around 1150–1350]
- In a higher place; upstairs; farther upstream. [first attested around 1150–1350]
- Higher in rank, power, or position. [first attested around 1150–1350]
- (archaic) In addition. [first attested around 1150–1350]
- More in number. [first attested around 1350–1470]
- Above zero; above freezing. [first attested in the mid 20th century.]
- (biology) On the upper half or the dorsal surface of an animal.
Derived terms
Translations
Adjective
above (not comparable)
- Of heaven; heavenly. [first attested around (1150 to 1350).]
- (by ellipsis) Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page. [first attested in the mid 18th century.]
Usage notes
- Above is often used elliptically as an adjective by omitting the word said, mentioned, quoted, or the like:
- the above(-said) observations
- the above(-cited) reference
- the above(-quoted) articles
Translations
Noun
above (uncountable)
- Heaven. [first attested around 1150–1350]
- Something, especially a person's name in legal documents, that appears higher on the same page or on a preceding page.
- Higher authority.
- (archaic) betterment, raised status or condition.
Usage notes
The preposition above is often used further elliptically as a noun by omitting the associated noun, where it is should be clear what is omitted: e.g. See the above.
Related terms
- abovesaid
- aboves'd
Translations
References
- Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The vertical axis", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
- Laurence Urdang (editor), The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, 1984 [1975], ?ISBN), page 4
- Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], ?ISBN), page 4
- above in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- above at OneLook Dictionary Search
above From the web:
- what above means
- what above trillion
- what above me
- what above ground pool is best
- what above middle class
- what above a major in the army
behind
English
Alternative forms
- behine (archaic, AAVE)
Etymology
From Middle English behinde, behinden, from Old English behindan (“on the back side of, behind”), equivalent to be- +? hind. Compare Old Saxon bihindan (“behind”, adverb), Middle High German behinter (“behind; back”).
Pronunciation
- (preposition, adverb)
- IPA(key): /b??ha?nd/, /b??ha?nd/
- (noun)
- (General American) IPA(key): /?bi??ha?nd/, /b??ha?nd/
- (UK) IPA(key): /b??ha?nd/, /b??ha?nd/
- Hyphenation: be?hind
Preposition
behind
- At the back of; positioned with something else in front of.
- To the back of. (Can we clean up(+) this sense?)
- After, time- or motion-wise.
- responsible for
- In support of.
- Left a distance by, in progress or improvement; inferior to.
- (nonstandard, US, slang) As a result or consequence of
Synonyms
- (at the back of): a-back (Chester), in back of, to the rear of.
Antonyms
- in front of
Derived terms
- behind every successful man there stands a woman
Translations
Adverb
behind (comparative behinder or more behind, superlative behindest or most behind)
- At the back part; in the rear. (Can we clean up(+) this sense?)
- Toward the back part or rear; backward.
- Overdue, in arrears.
- Slow; of a watch or clock.
- existing afterwards
- Backward in time or order of succession; past.
- Behind the scenes in a theatre; backstage.
- (archaic) Not yet brought forward, produced, or exhibited to view; out of sight; remaining.
- We cannot be sure that there is no evidence behind.
Usage notes
For usage in phrasal verbs, see Category:English phrasal verbs with particle (behind).
Translations
Noun
behind (plural behinds)
- the rear, back-end
- (informal) butt, the buttocks, bottom
- (Australian rules football) A one-point score.
- (baseball, slang, 1800s) The catcher.
- In the Eton College field game, any of a group of players consisting of two "shorts" (who try to kick the ball over the bully) and a "long" (who defends the goal).
Translations
Derived terms
Related terms
- hind
- hiney
References
- behind in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- behind in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
behind From the web:
- what behind the moon
- what behind the moon crip
- what behind the back is the curry slide
- what behind kakashi mask
- what behind the rabbit
- what behind mean
- what behind the lincoln memorial
- what behind the why
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