different between abjad vs abugida

English

Etymology

From Arabic ????? (?abjad), the term for the traditional ordering of the Arabic script (from the first four letters: ?? (?), ?? (b), ?? (j), ?? (d)). Compare English ABC and alphabet.

Linguistics sense coined by Peter T. Daniels.

Noun

abjad (plural abjads)

1. A writing system for Arabic, historically also employed as a numeral system, in which there is one glyph (symbol or letter) for each consonant but vowels are not specified.
   • 2014, Agnès Nilüfer Kefeli, Becoming Muslim in Imperial Russia: Conversion, Apostasy, and Literacy, Cornell University Press, unnumbered page,

     In Rabghuzi's Stories of the Prophets, a teacher asked Jesus, who was seven years old at the time, to repeat the alphabet and the abjad by rote.

   • 2018, Amine Bouchentouf, Arabic for Dummies, Wiley, 3rd Edition, page 16,

     Abjad is the writing system used in this book, and it's also the writing system used throughout the Arabic world. For instance, most newspapers you pick up in the Middle East use the abjad writing system, whereby the consonants are included but not the vowels.

2. (linguistics) Any writing system in which glyphs are used to represent consonants or consonantal phonemes, but not vowels.

3. The system of abjad numerals; a numeral system in which the letters of the Arabic abjad are interpreted as numerals, typically used to enumerate lists and nested lists, as well as in numerology.
   • 1971, Mohibbul Hasan, History of Tipu Sultan, Aakar Books, 2nd Edition, 2005 Reprint, page 399,

     The other names had no significance, except that the initial letter of each month denoted its place in the calendar according to the abjad system, which assigned a certain numerical power to every letter in the alphabet.

   • 2010, Stephen Chrisomalis, Numerical Notation: A Comparative History, Cambridge University Press, page 166,

     As Islam spread eastward throughout the eighth century AD as far as the Indus River, the Indian style of numeration began to diffuse westward and supplant the Arabic abjad, which itself was still a novelty in western regions such as North Africa.

Synonyms

• (writing system with a glyph for each consonant): consonantary

Hypernyms

• (linguistics): signary

Derived terms

• abjad numeral

Translations

See also

• abugida
• Appendix:Abjad numerals

Further reading

• Abjad numerals on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay abjad, from Arabic ???????? (?abjad).

Noun

abjad (first-person possessive abjadku, second-person possessive abjadmu, third-person possessive abjadnya)

1. alphabet (an ordered set of letters used in a language)
2. abjad (writing system)

Synonyms

• aksara

See also

• abjadiah

Malay

Etymology

From Arabic ???????? (?abjad).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /abd??at/
• Rhymes: -abd??at

Noun

abjad (Jawi spelling ?????, plural abjad-abjad, informal 1st possessive abjadku, impolite 2nd possessive abjadmu, 3rd possessive abjadnya)

1. alphabet (an ordered set of letters used in a language)
2. abjad (writing system)

Synonyms

• aksara / ???????

Further reading

• “abjad” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ???????? (?abya?).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ab.jat/

Adjective

abjad (feminine singular bajda, plural bojod)

1. white
2. pale
3. calm (of water)

Related terms

Related terms

• bajda (“egg”)

See also

Portuguese

Noun

abjad m (plural abjads)

1. (orthography) abjad (writing system with a symbol for each consonant)

Spanish

Alternative forms

• abyad

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ab?xad/, [a???xað?]

Noun

abjad m (plural abjades)

1. (linguistics) abjad (writing system)

English

Etymology

Coined 1990 by Peter T. Daniels by adapting Ge'ez ???? (?äbugida, “Ge'ez script”) (based on the Hebrew alphabet order: ?? (alef), ?? (bet), ?? (gimel), ?? (dalet) and traditional vowel order - see 1997 quotation below).

Pronunciation

• (General American, Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??bu??i?d?/

Noun

abugida (plural abugidas)

1. (linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, such that symbols for syllables not including the default vowel are generated by adding a common notation to indicate the vowel that it does include.
   • 1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,

     An abugida is a script that uses characters for CV syllables wherein the several characters for some consonant plus the language's array of vowels are modifications of the character for that consonant followed by the unmarked vowel (phonemically /a/).

   • 2007, Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard 5.0, Addison-Wesley, page 200,

     In an abugida, each consonant carries an inherent vowel, usually /a/.

2. (linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, typically such that symbols for different syllables are generated by adding, altering or removing the vowel portion, often by applying a diacritic to a stable consonant symbol.
   • 1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,

     For the scripts of the Semitic languages, five categories are needed: logography, syllabary, abjad, alphabet, and abugida. A sixth, featural script, appears when Arabic script is adapted to non-Semitic languages. […] (The English word "abugida" is borrowed from the Amharic term for the letters of the script when taken in the order known from the Ge'ez transliterations of the Hebrew letter names found in the superscriptions of the sections of Psalm 119, as used in the liturgy; it takes the first four consonants and the first four vowels in their traditional order of presentation.)

   • 2015, Patricia Donegan, 1: The Emergence of Phonological Representation, Brian MacWhinney, William O'Grady (editors, The Handbook of Language Emergence, John Wiley & Sons (Wiley Blackwell), page 39,

     The widespread use and easy learnability of alphabetic writing systems, the typical arrangement of syllabic or abugida phoneme classes (as with Japanese kana, or devanagari), rhyme and alliteration, folk naming of correlative phoneme sets (like the “hard” and “soft” consonant groups of Slavic languages), differential learning of L2 sounds that can and cannot be readily identified with an L1 phoneme (Best, McRoberts, and Sithole, Werker and Tees, 1984b; Best and Tyler, 2007) - all assure us that phonemic perception and representation are not merely a result of alphabetic writing.

Usage notes

Languages that use abugidas include Amharic, Hindi and Burmese, as well as Cree and Ojibwe (for which Canadian Aboriginal syllabics were introduced during the 19th century). Note that Cree, Ojibwe and Lao do not use abugidas in the first sense, for they do not have default vowels, but they do use alphasyllabaries. For a list of abugidas, see List of writing systems#Abugidas on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Synonyms

• alphasyllabary

Hypernyms

• signary

Derived terms

• abugidic

Translations

See also

• abjad
• alphabet
• semi-syllabary
• syllabary

Further reading

• Ge?ez script on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Writing system on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Syllabic alphabets on Omniglot

French

Noun

abugida m (plural abugidas)

1. abugida

Synonyms

• alphasyllabaire

Italian

Noun

abugida m (plural abugidi)

1. abugida

   Synonym: alfasillabario

Portuguese

Noun

abugida m (plural abugidas)

1. (linguistics) abugida (writing system in which consonant-vowel sequences are written as a unit)