different between abduction vs abstraction

English

Etymology

From Latin abducti? (“robbing; abduction”), from abd?c? (“take or lead away”), from ab (“away”) + d?c? (“to lead”). Equivalent to abduct +? -ion.

• (physiology): From French, from Latin abductus.
• Compare French abduction.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?b?d?k.?n?/
• (US) IPA^(key): /æb?d?k.?n?/, /æb?d?k.?n?/, /?b?d?k.?n?/
• (anatomy sense): (for emphasis and disambiguation from adduction) IPA^(key): /?e?.?bi?.d?k.?n?/

Noun

abduction (countable and uncountable, plural abductions)

1. Leading away; a carrying away. [Early 17^th century.]
2. (anatomy) The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. [Mid 17^th century.]
   • 2013, Jain, MD, MSPH; Wilcox, PT; Katz, MD, MS; Higgins, MD, "Clinical Examination of the Rotator Cuff", PM&R Journal, retrieved from PubMed Central on 21 Jan 2018.

     Abduction is performed by asking the patient to raise the arm at the side as high as they can with the examiner stabilizing the scapula by holding it down.

3. (logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major premise is evident, but the minor is only probable. [Late 17^th century.]
4. (law) The wrongful, and usually forcible, carrying off of a human being. [Mid 18^th century.]

Usage notes

• In Gregg shorthand (version: Centennial, Series 90, DJS, Simplified, Anniversary, Pre-Anniversary) the word is represented: a - b - d - u - k - sh

Synonyms

• (legal, carrying off of human being): appropriation; kidnapping; seizure; withdrawal
• (logic): retroduction; abstraction

Antonyms

• (physiology): adduction

replacement; restitution; restoration; surrender; reinstatement

Derived terms

• alien abduction

Related terms

• abduce
• abduct
• abductive

Translations

References

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin abducti? (“robbing; abduction”), from abd?c? (“take or lead away”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ab.dyk.sj??/

Noun

abduction f (plural abductions)

1. (physiology) Abductive movement; abduction.
2. (logic, computing) Abductive reasoning; abduction.

Further reading

• “abduction” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Interlingua

Etymology

From Latin abducti? (“robbing; abduction”), from abd?c? (“take or lead away”).

Noun

abduction (plural abductiones)

1. abduction

English

Etymology

From Middle English abstraccyone; either from Middle French abstraction or from Medieval Latin abstr?cti? (“separation”), from Latin abstrah? (“draw away”). Equivalent to abstract +? -ion.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?b?st?æk.?n?/
• (US) IPA^(key): /æb?st?æk.?n?/, /?b?st?æk.?n?/

Noun

abstraction (countable and uncountable, plural abstractions)

1. The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
   • 1848, J. S. Mill, Principles of Political Economy with some of their Applications to Social Philosophy:

     The cancelling of the debt would be no destruction of wealth, but a transfer of it: a wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain members of the community, for the profit of the government, or of the tax-payers.

   1. (euphemistic) The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
   2. (engineering) Removal of water from a river, lake, or aquifer.
2. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; the withdrawal from one's senses. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

   a hermit's abstraction

3. The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas. [First attested in the late 16^th century.]
   • c. 1837, W. Hamilton, in Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic (1860), Lecture XXXV, page 474:

     Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the negative of attention.

   Abstraction is necessary for the classification of things into genera and species.

4. Any characteristic of an individual object when that characteristic has been separated from the object and is contemplated alone as a quality having independent existence.
5. A member of an idealized subgroup when contemplated according to the abstracted quality which defines the subgroup.
6. The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization. [First attested in the late 16^th century.]
7. An idea or notion of an abstract or theoretical nature. [First attested in the late 16^th century.]

   to fight for mere abstractions.

8. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects; preoccupation. [First attested in the late 18^th century.]
9. (art) An abstract creation, or piece of art; qualities of artwork that are free from representational aspects. [First attested in the early 20^th century.]
10. (chemistry) A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation.
11. An idea of an idealistic, unrealistic or visionary nature.
12. The result of mentally abstracting an idea; the product of any mental process involving a synthesis of: separation, despecification, generalization, and ideation in any of a number of combinations.
13. (geology) The merging of two river valleys by the larger of the two deepening and widening so much so, as to assimilate the smaller.
14. (computing) Any generalization technique that ignores or hides details to capture some kind of commonality between different instances for the purpose of controlling the intellectual complexity of engineered systems, particularly software systems.
15. (computing) Any intellectual construct produced through the technique of abstraction.

Synonyms

• (the act of generalization): universalization; see also Thesaurus:generalization

Antonyms

• (the act of generalization): specialization; see also Thesaurus:specialization
• (mentally abstracting): concretization

Derived terms

Related terms

• abstract

Translations

References

Further reading

• abstraction at OneLook Dictionary Search
• abstraction in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• abstraction in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• Glossary of Water Terms, American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin abstr?cti?, abstr?cti?nem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ap.st?ak.sj??/
• Homophone: abstractions

Noun

abstraction f (plural abstractions)

1. abstraction

Derived terms

• faire abstraction

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Romanian: abstrac?ie

Further reading

• “abstraction” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).