different between abate vs subject
abate
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??be?t/
- (General American) IPA(key): /??be?t/
- Rhymes: -e?t
Etymology 1
From Middle English abaten, from Old French abatre (“to beat down”) (possibly via Middle French), from Late Latin abbatto, from ab- (“away”) + batto, from Latin battuere (“to beat”). Cognate to modern French abattre.
Verb
abate (third-person singular simple present abates, present participle abating, simple past and past participle abated)
- (transitive, obsolete outside law) To put an end to; to cause to cease. [attested since about 1150 to 1350]
- (intransitive) To become null and void. [attested since the late 15th century]
- (transitive, law) To nullify; make void. [attested since the late 15th century]
- (transitive, obsolete) To humble; to lower in status; to bring someone down physically or mentally. [attested from around 1150 to 1350 until the mid 1600s]
- The hyer that they were in this present lyf, the moore shulle they be abated and defouled in helle.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To be humbled; to be brought down physically or mentally. [attested from around 1150 to 1350 until the mid 1600s]
- (transitive, obsolete) To curtail; to deprive. [attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the mid 1800s]
- 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear, II.ii:
- She hath abated me of half my train.
- 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear, II.ii:
- (transitive) To reduce in amount, size, or value. [attested since 1325]
- His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.
- (intransitive) To decrease in size, value, or amount. [attested since 1325]
- (transitive) To moderate; to lessen in force, intensity, to subside. [attested since around 1150 to 1350]
- 1597, Francis Bacon Essays or Counsels, Civil and Morall:
- Not that they feel it so, but only to abate the edge of envy.
- 1855, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Part 3, page 267:
- The fury of Glengarry […] rapidly abated.
- 1597, Francis Bacon Essays or Counsels, Civil and Morall:
- (intransitive) To decrease in intensity or force; to subside. [attested since around 1150 to 1350]
- c. 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:
- […] in the morning, the wind having abated overnight, the sea was calm, […]
- c. 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:
- (transitive) To deduct or omit. [attested since around 1350 to 1470]
- (transitive) To bar or except. [attested since the late 1500s]
- (transitive) To cut away or hammer down, in such a way as to leave a figure in relief, as a sculpture, or in metalwork.
- (transitive, obsolete) To dull the edge or point of; to blunt. [attested from the mid 1500s till the late 1600s]
- (transitive, archaic) To destroy, or level to the ground. [attested since around 1350 to 1470]
- 1542, Edward Hall, The Union of the Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and York:
- The kynge of Scottes planted his siege before the castell of Norham, and sore abated the walls.
- 1542, Edward Hall, The Union of the Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and York:
Synonyms
- (bring down or reduce): lessen; diminish; contract; moderate; cut short; decrease; lower; suppress; terminate; remove; remit; slacken
- (diminish in force or intensity): diminish; subside; decline; wane; ebb; mitigate; assuage; temper; alleviate; relax
- (bring someone down): humble; depress; appease; pacify; soothe; soften; tranquilize
- (come to naught): fall through; fail
Antonyms
- (bring down or reduce): augment, accelerate, aggravate, amplify, continue, develop, enhance, enlarge, extend, foment, increase, intensify, magnify, prolong, raise, rise, revive
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Noun
abate (plural abates)
- (obsolete) Abatement. [from around 1400 until the late 1600s]
Etymology 2
From Anglo-Norman abatre, an alteration of enbatre, from Old French en + batre (“to beat”).
Verb
abate (third-person singular simple present abates, present participle abating, simple past and past participle abated)
- (intransitive, law) to enter a tenement without permission after the owner has died and before the heir takes possession. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
Etymology 3
From Italian abate, from Latin abb?s, abb?tis, from Ancient Greek ????? (abbâs), from Aramaic ???? (’abb?, “father”). Doublet of abbot.
Alternative forms
- abbate
Noun
abate (plural abates)
- an Italian abbot, or other member of the clergy. [First attested in the early 18th century.]
References
- abate at OneLook Dictionary Search
- abate in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Anagrams
- abeat
Italian
Alternative forms
- abbate
Etymology
From Late Latin abb?tem, accusative form of abb?s, from Ancient Greek ????? (abbâs), from Aramaic ???? (’abb?, “father”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a?ba.te/
- Rhymes: -ate
- Hyphenation: a?bà?te
Noun
abate m (plural abati, feminine badessa)
- abbot
Derived terms
- abatino (diminutive)
- abatonzolo (pejorative)
Related terms
Descendants
- ? Albanian: abat
- ? Belarusian: ???? (abat)
- ? Bulgarian: ???? (abat)
- ? English: abate
- ? Romanian: abate
- ? Russian: ????? (abbat)
- ? Ukrainian: ???? (abat)
Anagrams
- beata
References
- abate in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
- abate in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti
Latvian
Etymology
From abats (“abbott”) +? -e (fem.).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [abat?]
Noun
abate f (5th declension, masculine form: abats)
- abbess (the female superior of a Catholic abbey or nunnery)
Declension
Related terms
- abatija
Further reading
- abate at tezaurs.lv
Lithuanian
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): [?b.??t??]
Noun
abatè
- locative singular of abatas
- instrumental singular of abat?
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): [?b?a?.t??]
Noun
abãte
- vocative singular of abatas
- vocative singular of abat?
Middle English
Verb
abate
- Alternative form of abaten
Portuguese
Verb
abate
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of abater
- second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of abater
Romanian
Etymology 1
From Vulgar Latin *abbatere, present active infinitive of *abbat?, *abbatu?, from Latin battu?.
Verb
a abate (third-person singular present abate, past participle ab?tut) 3rd conj.
- to stray (often figuratively in a moral sense), derogate, deviate, divert from, digress
- Synonyms: devia, îndep?rta
- to change paths, swerve from, wander from
- (reflexive) to stop (going a certain way)
- Synonym: opri
- to dissuade
- to knock down
- Synonyms: d?râma, da jos
Conjugation
Derived terms
- abatere
Related terms
- bate
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Italian abate, from Latin abb?s, abb?tis, from Ancient Greek ????? (abbâs), from Aramaic ???? (’abb?, “father”).
Noun
abate m (plural aba?i)
- abbot
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a?bate/, [a???a.t?e]
Verb
abate
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of abatir.
- Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of abatir.
abate From the web:
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subject
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English subget, from Old French suget, from Latin subiectus (“lying under or near, adjacent, also subject, exposed”), as a noun, subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subici? (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaci? (“throw, hurl”), as a calque of Ancient Greek ??????????? (hupokeímenon).
Pronunciation
- enPR: s?b?j?kt, IPA(key): /?s?b.d??kt/
- (also) (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?s?b.d??kt/
- Hyphenation: sub?ject
Adjective
subject (comparative more subject, superlative most subject)
- Likely to be affected by or to experience something.
- c. 1678 (written), 1682 (published), John Dryden, Mac Flecknoe
- All human things are subject to decay.
- c. 1678 (written), 1682 (published), John Dryden, Mac Flecknoe
- Conditional upon something; used with to.
- Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation.
- Placed under the power of another; owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state.
- , Book I
- Esau was never subject to Jacob.
- , Book I
Translations
Etymology 2
From Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subici? (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaci? (“throw, hurl”).
Pronunciation
- enPR: s?b?j?kt, IPA(key): /?s?b.d??kt/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?s?b.d??kt/
- Hyphenation: sub?ject
Noun
subject (plural subjects)
- (grammar) In a clause: the word or word group (usually a noun phrase) about whom the statement is made. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject and the actor are usually the same.
- An actor; one who takes action.
- The subjects and objects of power.
- The main topic of a paper, work of art, discussion, field of study, etc.
- 1695, John Dryden (translator), Observations on the Art of Painting by Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy
- Make choice of a subject beautifull and noble, which […] shall […] afford […] an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate itself.
- 1695, John Dryden (translator), Observations on the Art of Painting by Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy
- A particular area of study.
- A citizen in a monarchy.
- A person ruled over by another, especially a monarch or state authority.
- (music) The main theme or melody, especially in a fugue.
- 1878, William Smith Rockstro, "Subject" in A Dictionary of Music and Musicians
- The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song.
- 1878, William Smith Rockstro, "Subject" in A Dictionary of Music and Musicians
- A human, animal or an inanimate object that is being examined, treated, analysed, etc.
- 1748, Conyers Middleton, Life of Cicero
- Writers of particular lives […] are apt to be prejudiced in favour of their subject.
- 1748, Conyers Middleton, Life of Cicero
- (philosophy) A being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity.
- (logic) That of which something is stated.
- (mathematics) The variable in terms of which an expression is defined.
Synonyms
- (discussion): matter, topic
Derived terms
- between-subjects
- subject matter
- subject title
- subjective
- within-subjects
Translations
See also
- object
- predicate
Etymology 3
From Medieval Latin subiect?, iterative of subici? (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaci? (“throw, hurl”).
Pronunciation
- enPR: s?b-j?kt?, IPA(key): /s?b?d??kt/, /s?b?d??kt/
- Rhymes: -?kt
Verb
subject (third-person singular simple present subjects, present participle subjecting, simple past and past participle subjected)
- (transitive, construed with to) To cause (someone or something) to undergo a particular experience, especially one that is unpleasant or unwanted.
- I came here to buy souvenirs, not to be subjected to a tirade of abuse!
- (transitive) To make subordinate or subservient; to subdue or enslave.
Synonyms
- underbring
Translations
Further reading
- subject in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- subject in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- subject at OneLook Dictionary Search
subject From the web:
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