different between abate vs lighten
abate
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??be?t/
- (General American) IPA(key): /??be?t/
- Rhymes: -e?t
Etymology 1
From Middle English abaten, from Old French abatre (“to beat down”) (possibly via Middle French), from Late Latin abbatto, from ab- (“away”) + batto, from Latin battuere (“to beat”). Cognate to modern French abattre.
Verb
abate (third-person singular simple present abates, present participle abating, simple past and past participle abated)
- (transitive, obsolete outside law) To put an end to; to cause to cease. [attested since about 1150 to 1350]
- (intransitive) To become null and void. [attested since the late 15th century]
- (transitive, law) To nullify; make void. [attested since the late 15th century]
- (transitive, obsolete) To humble; to lower in status; to bring someone down physically or mentally. [attested from around 1150 to 1350 until the mid 1600s]
- The hyer that they were in this present lyf, the moore shulle they be abated and defouled in helle.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To be humbled; to be brought down physically or mentally. [attested from around 1150 to 1350 until the mid 1600s]
- (transitive, obsolete) To curtail; to deprive. [attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the mid 1800s]
- 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear, II.ii:
- She hath abated me of half my train.
- 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear, II.ii:
- (transitive) To reduce in amount, size, or value. [attested since 1325]
- His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.
- (intransitive) To decrease in size, value, or amount. [attested since 1325]
- (transitive) To moderate; to lessen in force, intensity, to subside. [attested since around 1150 to 1350]
- 1597, Francis Bacon Essays or Counsels, Civil and Morall:
- Not that they feel it so, but only to abate the edge of envy.
- 1855, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Part 3, page 267:
- The fury of Glengarry […] rapidly abated.
- 1597, Francis Bacon Essays or Counsels, Civil and Morall:
- (intransitive) To decrease in intensity or force; to subside. [attested since around 1150 to 1350]
- c. 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:
- […] in the morning, the wind having abated overnight, the sea was calm, […]
- c. 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:
- (transitive) To deduct or omit. [attested since around 1350 to 1470]
- (transitive) To bar or except. [attested since the late 1500s]
- (transitive) To cut away or hammer down, in such a way as to leave a figure in relief, as a sculpture, or in metalwork.
- (transitive, obsolete) To dull the edge or point of; to blunt. [attested from the mid 1500s till the late 1600s]
- (transitive, archaic) To destroy, or level to the ground. [attested since around 1350 to 1470]
- 1542, Edward Hall, The Union of the Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and York:
- The kynge of Scottes planted his siege before the castell of Norham, and sore abated the walls.
- 1542, Edward Hall, The Union of the Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and York:
Synonyms
- (bring down or reduce): lessen; diminish; contract; moderate; cut short; decrease; lower; suppress; terminate; remove; remit; slacken
- (diminish in force or intensity): diminish; subside; decline; wane; ebb; mitigate; assuage; temper; alleviate; relax
- (bring someone down): humble; depress; appease; pacify; soothe; soften; tranquilize
- (come to naught): fall through; fail
Antonyms
- (bring down or reduce): augment, accelerate, aggravate, amplify, continue, develop, enhance, enlarge, extend, foment, increase, intensify, magnify, prolong, raise, rise, revive
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Noun
abate (plural abates)
- (obsolete) Abatement. [from around 1400 until the late 1600s]
Etymology 2
From Anglo-Norman abatre, an alteration of enbatre, from Old French en + batre (“to beat”).
Verb
abate (third-person singular simple present abates, present participle abating, simple past and past participle abated)
- (intransitive, law) to enter a tenement without permission after the owner has died and before the heir takes possession. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
Etymology 3
From Italian abate, from Latin abb?s, abb?tis, from Ancient Greek ????? (abbâs), from Aramaic ???? (’abb?, “father”). Doublet of abbot.
Alternative forms
- abbate
Noun
abate (plural abates)
- an Italian abbot, or other member of the clergy. [First attested in the early 18th century.]
References
- abate at OneLook Dictionary Search
- abate in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Anagrams
- abeat
Italian
Alternative forms
- abbate
Etymology
From Late Latin abb?tem, accusative form of abb?s, from Ancient Greek ????? (abbâs), from Aramaic ???? (’abb?, “father”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a?ba.te/
- Rhymes: -ate
- Hyphenation: a?bà?te
Noun
abate m (plural abati, feminine badessa)
- abbot
Derived terms
- abatino (diminutive)
- abatonzolo (pejorative)
Related terms
Descendants
- ? Albanian: abat
- ? Belarusian: ???? (abat)
- ? Bulgarian: ???? (abat)
- ? English: abate
- ? Romanian: abate
- ? Russian: ????? (abbat)
- ? Ukrainian: ???? (abat)
Anagrams
- beata
References
- abate in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
- abate in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti
Latvian
Etymology
From abats (“abbott”) +? -e (fem.).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [abat?]
Noun
abate f (5th declension, masculine form: abats)
- abbess (the female superior of a Catholic abbey or nunnery)
Declension
Related terms
- abatija
Further reading
- abate at tezaurs.lv
Lithuanian
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): [?b.??t??]
Noun
abatè
- locative singular of abatas
- instrumental singular of abat?
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): [?b?a?.t??]
Noun
abãte
- vocative singular of abatas
- vocative singular of abat?
Middle English
Verb
abate
- Alternative form of abaten
Portuguese
Verb
abate
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of abater
- second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of abater
Romanian
Etymology 1
From Vulgar Latin *abbatere, present active infinitive of *abbat?, *abbatu?, from Latin battu?.
Verb
a abate (third-person singular present abate, past participle ab?tut) 3rd conj.
- to stray (often figuratively in a moral sense), derogate, deviate, divert from, digress
- Synonyms: devia, îndep?rta
- to change paths, swerve from, wander from
- (reflexive) to stop (going a certain way)
- Synonym: opri
- to dissuade
- to knock down
- Synonyms: d?râma, da jos
Conjugation
Derived terms
- abatere
Related terms
- bate
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Italian abate, from Latin abb?s, abb?tis, from Ancient Greek ????? (abbâs), from Aramaic ???? (’abb?, “father”).
Noun
abate m (plural aba?i)
- abbot
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a?bate/, [a???a.t?e]
Verb
abate
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of abatir.
- Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of abatir.
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lighten
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?la?.t?n/
- Rhymes: -a?t?n
Etymology 1
From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light +? -en.
Verb
lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)
- (transitive) To make brighter or clearer; to illuminate.
- 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, London: Henry Herringman, stanza 231, p. 59,[1]
- A Key of fire ran all along the shore,
- And lighten’d all the river with the blaze:
- 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, London: Henry Herringman, stanza 231, p. 59,[1]
- (intransitive) To become brighter or clearer; to brighten.
- (intransitive, archaic) To burst forth or dart, as lightning; to shine with, or like, lightning; to flash.
- 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, line 500,[2]
- Enter the Conjurer; it lightens and thunders […]
- c. 1599, William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act I, Scene 3,[3]
- […] this dreadful night,
- That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars
- As doth the lion.
- 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, line 500,[2]
- (transitive) To emit or disclose in, or as if in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning.
- c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act III, Scene 3,[4]
- […] behold his eye,
- As bright as is the eagle’s, lightens forth
- Controlling majesty:
- c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act III, Scene 3,[4]
- To illuminate with knowledge; to enlighten.
- 1599, John Davies, “Of the Soule of man, and the immortalitie thereof” in Nosce Teipsum. This Oracle Expounded in Two Elegies, London: John Standish, p. 10,[5]
- O Light which mak’st the Light, which makes the Day,
- Which setst the Eye without and Mind within,
- Lighten my spirit with one cleare heavenly ray,
- Which now to view it selfe doth first begin.
- 1599, John Davies, “Of the Soule of man, and the immortalitie thereof” in Nosce Teipsum. This Oracle Expounded in Two Elegies, London: John Standish, p. 10,[5]
Conjugation
Derived terms
- lighten up
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light +? -en.
Verb
lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)
- (transitive) To alleviate; to reduce the burden of.
- (transitive) To make light or lighter in weight.
- (transitive) To make less serious or more cheerful.
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Psalms 34:5,[6]
- They looked unto him, were lightened: and their faces were not ashamed.
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Psalms 34:5,[6]
- (intransitive) To become light or lighter in weight.
- (intransitive) To become less serious or more cheerful.
Conjugation
Derived terms
- lighten up
Translations
Etymology 3
From light +? -en.
Verb
lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)
- To descend; to light.
- Book of Common Prayer
- O Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us.
- Book of Common Prayer
Related terms
- alight
Anagrams
- enlight, lething
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