different between vigilant vs vigil

English

Etymology

From French vigilant or its source, Latin vigilans, present participle of vigilare (“stay awake”), from vigil (“awake”). Doublet of vigilante, from Spanish.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?v?d??l?nt/
• Hyphenation: vi?gi?lant

Adjective

vigilant (comparative more vigilant, superlative most vigilant)

1. Watchful, especially for danger or disorder; alert; wary

   Be vigilant for signs of disease in your garden.

Synonyms

• (watchful): alert, aware, circumspect, observant, on the qui vive, wakesome, wary, watchful

Derived terms

• pharmacovigilant
• vigilantly

Related terms

• vigil
• vigilance
• vigilante

Translations

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /vi.?i?lant/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /bi.?i?lan/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /vi.d??i?lant/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin vigil?ns, vigil?ntem, attested from 1696.

Adjective

vigilant (masculine and feminine plural vigilants)

1. vigilant

Derived terms

• vigilantment

Related terms

• vigilància
• vigilar

Noun

vigilant m or f (plural vigilants)

1. guard, watchman

Etymology 2

Verb

vigilant

1. present participle of vigilar

References

Further reading

• “vigilant” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “vigilant” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “vigilant” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vigil?ns, vigil?ntem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi.?i.l??/

Adjective

vigilant (feminine singular vigilante, masculine plural vigilants, feminine plural vigilantes)

1. vigilant

Related terms

• vigiler

Further reading

• “vigilant” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vi?i?lant]
• Hyphenation: vi?gi?lant

Adjective

vigilant (comparative vigilanter, superlative am vigilantesten)

1. (dated) cunning, smart, clever
2. (solemn) watchful, alert, wary (Austria)

Declension

Synonyms

• (cunning): clever, findig, gewieft, pfiffig, gerissen
• (watchful): wachsam, aufmerksam

Derived terms

• Vigilant
• Vigilanz
• Vigilantismus

Related terms

• arrogant

Further reading

• “vigilant” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “vigilant” in Duden online

Latin

Verb

vigilant

1. third-person plural present active indicative of vigil?

English

Etymology

From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *we?- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). See also wake, from the same root.

Related to vigor, and more distantly compare vis and vital, from similar Proto-Indo-European roots and meanings (lively, power, life), via Latin. For use of “live, alive” in sense “watching”, compare qui vive.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?v?d??l/
• Rhymes: -?d??l

Noun

vigil (plural vigils)

1. An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.
2. A period of observation or surveillance at any hour.

   His dog kept vigil outside the hospital for eight days while he was recovering from an accident.

3. The eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.
4. A quiet demonstration in support of a cause.

   The protesters kept vigil outside the conference centre in which the party congress was being held.

Synonyms

• (watch, especially at night): lookout, look-out, qui vive, watch

Related terms

• vigilance
• vigilant
• vigilation
• vigilous

Translations

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *we?- (“to be strong, lively, awake”), whence vige?.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?i.?il/, [?u??????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?vi.d??il/, [?vi?d??il]

Adjective

vigil (genitive vigilis); third-declension one-termination adjective

1. awake, watching, alert

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Noun

vigil m (genitive vigilis); third declension

1. watchman, guard, sentinel; constable, fireman
2. (in the plural) the watch, police, constabulary

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Derived terms

• vigilia
• vigil?

Descendants

References

• vigil in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vigil in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vigil in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette