different between valence vs nitrous

English

Etymology 1

In the sense “extract, preparation”, from Latin valentia (“strength, capacity”) (1425). The now-current sense of “combining capacity (of an atom)” is from German Valenz (1884), from the same Latin word. The linguistic definition was formed in analogy to its use in chemistry. The sense “one-dimensional value” used in psychology is also from German Valenz (1935).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ve?l?ns/

Noun

valence (countable and uncountable, plural valences)

1. (chemistry, medicine, obsolete) An extract; a preparation, now especially one effective against a certain number of strains of a pathogen.
3. (chemistry) The combining capacity of an atom, radical or functional group determined by the number of electrons that it will lose, gain, or share when it combines with other atoms etc. [from 1884]

   Synonym: valency

4. (chemistry) The number of binding sites of a molecule, such as an antibody or antigen.
6. (linguistics) The number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero (for the likes of "It rains") to three (for the likes of "He gives her a flower") or, less commonly, four.

   Synonym: valency

8. (especially psychology) A one-dimensional value assigned to an object, situation, or state, that can usually be positive or negative. [from 1935]

9. (sociology) Value.

Alternative forms

• valency (mostly UK)

Derived terms

Related terms

• valent
• -valent

Translations

Etymology 2

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?væl?ns/

Noun

valence (plural valences)

1. Alternative spelling of valance

Further reading

• valence on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Valence (chemistry) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Valency (linguistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Valence (psychology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Expectancy theory on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “valence”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

Anagrams

• enclave

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?val?nt?s?]
• Rhymes: -?nts?

Noun

valence f

1. (chemistry) valence, valency

   Synonym: mocenství

2. (linguistics) valence, valency

Derived terms

• valen?ní

Related terms

• See vale

Further reading

• valence in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• valence in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
• valence in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

French

Etymology

Back-formation from monovalence., etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /va.l??s/

Noun

valence f (plural valences)

1. (chemistry) valence
2. (linguistics) valency

See also

• rection
• transitivité

Further reading

• “valence” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• enclave, enclavé

English

Adjective

nitrous

1. (chemistry) of, relating to, or derived from nitrogen, especially in which the valence of the nitrogen is lower than that of a corresponding nitric species
2. (chemistry) of, or relating to nitrous acid or its derivatives
3. (mycology, biology) having a sharp odor like ammonia or nitric acid

Translations

Noun

nitrous (uncountable)

1. (dentistry, automotive, informal) Nitrous oxide.
2. (automotive, informal) The system in some racing vehicles which pumps nitrous oxide into the engine to improve performance.
   • 2002, Mike Kojima, Honda/Acura Engine Performance: How to Modify D, B and H Series Honda/Acura Engines for Street and Drag Racing Performance, Penguin ?ISBN, page 111

     When a shot this big is being run, it will also be necessary to pull 6-10 degrees of timing out when the nitrous is being run.

   • 2004, Simon Carless, Gaming Hacks, "O'Reilly Media, Inc." ?ISBN, page 320

     To simulate nitrous, we will use a very simple approach: apply a large force to the back of the car when the nitrous is on.

   • 2013, David Vizard, David Vizard's How to Super Tune and Modify Holley Carburetors, CarTech Inc ?ISBN, page 74

     When tested on a typical summer day, an engine with fuel fed by an annular discharge booster could be 10 hp less over a stepped dogleg booster, but 10 hp more when the nitrous is in operation.

Anagrams

• trusion, turions