different between trotter vs run

English

Etymology

From Middle English trottere, equivalent to trot +? -er.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -?t?(r)

Noun

trotter (plural trotters)

1. One who trots.
   • 2013, Stephen Dobyns, Saratoga Bestiary

     Charlie kept telling himself that Eddie Gillespie was the great runner, while he was just a quick trotter.

2. In harness racing, a horse with a gait in which the front and back legs on opposite sides take a step together alternating with the other set of opposite legs; as opposed to a pacer.
3. The foot of a pig, sheep, or other quadruped.
4. (slang) A person's foot.
   • 2004, Charley Hester, ?Kirby Ross, The True Life Wild West Memoir of a Bush-popping Cow Waddy (page 27)

     Then you get up on your trotters, but you have a job to stand; / For the landscape 'round you totters and your collar's full of sand.

5. (Britain, historical) A tailor's assistant who goes around to receive orders.
   • 1830, William Cobbett, Eleven Lectures on the French and Belgian Revolutions (page 8)

     One of these proprietors is a magistrate of Oxfordshire, another a justice of the peace for Berkshire, and Stewart, who was a tailor's trotter, originally, was lately high sherriff ^[sic] of his county.

Translations

French

Etymology

From Middle French trotter, from Old French trotter, troter (“to go, trot”), from Medieval Latin *trott?re, *trot?re (“to go”), from Frankish *trott?n (“to go, run”), from Proto-Germanic *trud?n?, *trudan?, *tradjan? (“to go, step, tread”), from Proto-Indo-European *dreu-, *der?-, *dr?- (“to run, escape”). Cognates: see English trot. More at tread.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t??.te/

Verb

trotter

1. (usually of a horse) to trot

Conjugation

Derived terms

• trottiner
• trottoir

Further reading

• “trotter” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

English

Alternative forms

• rin (dialectal)

Etymology

From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen,yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnan? (“to run”) (compare also *rannijan? (“to make run”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h?reyH- (“to boil, churn”). Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), Dutch rennen (“to run, race”), German rennen (“to run, race”), rinnen (“to flow”), Danish rende (“to run”), Swedish ränna (“to run”), Icelandic renna (“to flow”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See random.

Pronunciation

• (US, UK) IPA^(key): /??n/
• (Northern England) IPA^(key): /??n/
• Rhymes: -?n

Verb

run (third-person singular simple present runs, present participle running, simple past ran, past participle run)

1. To move swiftly.
   1. (intransitive) To move forward quickly upon two feet by alternately making a short jump off either foot. (Compare walk.)
      • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
   2. (intransitive) To go at a fast pace, to move quickly.

   3. (transitive) To cause to move quickly or lightly.
   4. (transitive) To transport someone or something, notionally at a brisk pace.

   5. (transitive or intransitive) To compete in a race.

   6. (intransitive) Of fish, to migrate for spawning.
   7. (American football, transitive or intransitive) To carry (a football) down the field, as opposed to passing or kicking.
   8. (transitive) To achieve or perform by running or as if by running.

   9. (intransitive) To flee from a danger or towards help.

   10. (figuratively, transitive) To go through without stopping, usually illegally.

   11. (transitive, juggling, colloquial) To juggle a pattern continuously, as opposed to starting and stopping quickly.
2. (fluids) To flow.
   1. (intransitive) Of a liquid, to flow.

   2. (intransitive, figuratively) To move or spread quickly.

   3. (intransitive) Of an object, to have a liquid flowing from it.

   4. (transitive) To make a liquid flow; to make liquid flow from an object.

   5. (intransitive) To become liquid; to melt.
   6. (intransitive) To leak or spread in an undesirable fashion; to bleed (especially used of dye or paint).

   7. To fuse; to shape; to mould; to cast.
3. (nautical, of a vessel) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled.
4. (transitive) To control or manage, be in charge of.
   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
5. (intransitive) To be a candidate in an election.

6. To make participate in certain kinds of competitions
   1. (transitive) To make run in a race.

   2. (transitive) To make run in an election.

7. To exert continuous activity; to proceed.

8. (intransitive) To be presented in the media.

9. (transitive) To print or broadcast in the media.

10. (transitive) To smuggle (illegal goods).
11. (transitive, agriculture) To sort through a large volume of produce in quality control.

12. To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time.
    1. (intransitive) To extend in space or through a range (often with a measure phrase).

    2. (intransitive) To extend in time, to last, to continue (usually with a measure phrase).

    3. (transitive) To make something extend in space.

    4. (intransitive) Of a machine, including computer programs, to be operating or working normally.

    5. (transitive) To make a machine operate.

13. (transitive) To execute or carry out a plan, procedure, or program.

14. To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation.
15. (copulative) To become different in a way mentioned (usually to become worse).
    • 1968, Paul Simon, The Boxer (song)

      I was no more than a boy / In the company of strangers / In the quiet of the railway station / Running scared.

    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
16. (transitive) To cost a large amount of money.

17. (intransitive) Of stitches or stitched clothing, to unravel.

18. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
19. To cause to enter; to thrust.
    • There was also hairdressing: hairdressing, too, really was hairdressing in those times — no running a comb through it and that was that. It was curled, frizzed, waved, put in curlers overnight, waved with hot tongs; […].

    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
20. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.

    • They ran the ship aground.
21. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine.

22. To encounter or incur (a danger or risk).
    • 1625, Francis Bacon, Of Friendship

      He runneth two dangers.

23. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.

    • He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them.

24. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.
25. To sew (a seam) by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.
26. To control or have precedence in a card game.

27. To be in form thus, as a combination of words.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
28. (archaic) To be popularly known; to be generally received.
    • Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himselfe.

29. To have growth or development.

    • or the Richness of the Ground cause them [turnips] to run too much to Leaves

30. To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.
    • 1625, Francis Bacon, Of Nature In Men

      A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds.
31. To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company.
    • c. 1665, Josiah Child, Discourse on Trade

      Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid.

32. To encounter or suffer (a particular, usually bad, fate or misfortune).
    • 1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa, I.8:

      Don't let me run the fate of all who show indulgence to your sex […].

33. (golf) To strike (the ball) in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole.
34. (video games, rare) To speedrun.

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Noun

run (plural runs)

1. Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet.

   I just got back from my morning run.
2. Act or instance of hurrying (to or from a place) (not necessarily on foot); dash or errand, trip.
   • 1759, N. Tindal, The Continuation of Mr Rapin's History of England, volume 21 (continuation volume 9), page 92:

     […] and on the 18th of January this squadron put to sea. The first place of rendezvous was the boy of port St. Julian, upon the coast of Patagonia, and all accidents were provided against with admirable foresight. Their run to port St. Julian was dangerous […]

   I need to make a run to the store.

3. A pleasure trip.

   Let's go for a run in the car.

   • And I think of giving her a run in London for a change.

4. Flight, instance or period of fleeing.
5. Migration (of fish).
6. A group of fish that migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning.
7. A literal or figurative path or course for movement relating to:
   1. A (regular) trip or route.

      The bus on the Cherry Street run is always crowded.

      • 1977, Star Wars (film)

        You've never heard of the Millennium Falcon? It's the ship that made the Kessel Run in less than twelve parsecs.

   2. The route taken while running or skiing.

      Which run did you do today?

   3. (skiing, bobsledding) A single trip down a hill, as in skiing and bobsledding.
   4. The distance sailed by a ship.

      a good run; a run of fifty miles

   5. A voyage.

      a run to China

   6. A trial.

      The data got lost, so I'll have to perform another run of the experiment.

   7. (mathematics, computing) The execution of a program or model

      This morning's run of the SHIPS statistical model gave Hurricane Priscilla a 74% chance of gaining at least 30 knots of intensity in 24 hours, reconfirmed by the HMON and GFS dynamical models.

   8. (video games) A playthrough, or attempted playthrough; a session of play.

      This was my first successful run without losing any health.

8. Unrestricted use. Only used in have the run of.

   He can have the run of the house.

9. An enclosure for an animal; a track or path along which something can travel.

   He set up a rabbit run.

10. (Australia, New Zealand) Rural landholding for farming, usually for running sheep, and operated by a runholder.
11. State of being current; currency; popularity.
    • Template:RQ:Addison Freeloader

      It is impossible for detached papers[...] to have a general run, or long continuance, if they are not diversified[...].

12. Continuous or sequential
    1. A continuous period (of time) marked by a trend; a period marked by a continuing trend.

       I’m having a run of bad luck.

       He went to Las Vegas and spent all his money over a three-day run.

       • 1796, Edmund Burke, Letters on a Regicide Peace

         They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure [...] put a seal on their calamities.
    2. A series of tries in a game that were successful.
    3. A production quantity (such as in a factory).

       Yesterday we did a run of 12,000 units.

       The book’s initial press run will be 5,000 copies.

    4. The period of showing of a play, film, TV series, etc.

       The run of the show lasted two weeks, and we sold out every night.

       It is the last week of our French cinema run.
    5. (slang) A period of extended (usually daily) drug use.
       • 1964 : Heroin by The Velvet Underground

         And I'll tell ya, things aren't quite the same / When I'm rushing on my run.

       • 1975, Lloyd Y. Young, Mary Anne Koda-Kimble, Brian S. Katcher, Applied Therapeutics for Clinical Pharmacists

         Frank Fixwell, a 25 year-old male, has been on a heroin "run" (daily use) for the past two years.

       • 1977, Richard P. Rettig, Manual J. Torres, Gerald R. Garrett, Manny: a criminal-addict's story, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) ?ISBN

         I was hooked on dope, and hooked bad, during this whole period, but I was also hooked behind robbery. When you're on a heroin run, you stay loaded so long as you can score.

       • 2001, Robin J. Harman, Handbook of Pharmacy Health Education, Pharmaceutical Press ?ISBN, page 172

         This can develop quite quickly (over a matter of hours) during a cocaine run or when cocaine use becomes a daily habit.

       • 2010, Robert DuPont, The Selfish Brain: Learning from Addiction, Hazelden Publishing ?ISBN, page 158

         DA depletion leads to the crash that characteristically ends a cocaine run.

    6. (card games) A sequence of cards in a suit in a card game.
    7. (music) A rapid passage in music, especially along a scale.
13. A flow of liquid; a leak.

    The constant run of water from the faucet annoys me.

    a run of must in wine-making

    the first run of sap in a maple orchard

14. (chiefly eastern Midland US, especially Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia) A small creek or part thereof. (Compare Southern US branch and New York and New England brook.)

    The military campaign near that creek was known as "The battle of Bull Run".

15. A quick pace, faster than a walk.

    He broke into a run.

    1. (of horses) A fast gallop.
16. A sudden series of demands on a bank or other financial institution, especially characterised by great withdrawals.

    Financial insecurity led to a run on the banks, as customers feared for the security of their savings.

17. Any sudden large demand for something.

    There was a run on Christmas presents.

18. Various horizontal dimensions or surfaces
    1. The top of a step on a staircase, also called a tread, as opposed to the rise.
    2. The horizontal length of a set of stairs
    3. (construction) Horizontal dimension of a slope.
19. A standard or unexceptional group or category.

    He stood out from the usual run of applicants.

20. In sports
    1. (baseball) A score when a runner touches all bases legally; the act of a runner scoring.
    2. (cricket) The act of passing from one wicket to another; the point scored for this.
    3. (American football) A running play.

       [...] one of the greatest runs of all time.
    4. (golf) The movement communicated to a golf ball by running it.
    5. (golf) The distance a ball travels after touching the ground from a stroke.
    6. The distance drilled with a bit, in oil drilling.
       • 1832, Records and Briefs of the United States Supreme Court (page 21)

         Well, when you compare the cone type with the cross roller bit, you get a longer run, there is less tendency of the bit to go flat while running in various formations. It cleans itself better.

22. A line of knit stitches that have unravelled, particularly in a nylon stocking.

    I have a run in my stocking.

23. (nautical) The stern of the underwater body of a ship from where it begins to curve upward and inward.
24. (mining) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by licence of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes.
25. A pair or set of millstones.

Synonyms

• (horizontal part of a step): tread
• (unravelling): ladder (British)
• (computing): execute, start
• See also Thesaurus:walk

Antonyms

• (horizontal part of a step): rise, riser
• (horizontal distance of a set of stairs): rise

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• (computer science): trajectory

Adjective

run (not comparable)

1. In a liquid state; melted or molten.

   Put some run butter on the vegetables.

   • 1921, L. W. Ferris, H. W. Redfield and W. R. North, The Volatile Acids and the Volatile Oxidizable Substances of Cream and Experimental Butter, in the Journal of Dairy Science, volume 4 (1921), page 522:

     Samples of the regular run butter were sealed in 1 pound tins and sent to Washington, where the butter was scored and examined.

2. Cast in a mould.
   • 1833, The Cabinet Cyclopaedia: A treatise on the progressive improvement and present state of the Manufactures in Metal, volume 2, Iron and Steel (printed in London), page 314:

     Vast quantities are cast in sand moulds, with that kind of run steel which is so largely used in the production of common table-knives and forks.

   • c. 1839, (Richard of Raindale, The Plan of my House vindicated, quoted by) T. T. B. in the Dwelling of Richard of Raindale, King of the Moors, published in The Mirror, number 966, 7 September 1839, page 153:

     For making tea I have a kettle,

     Besides a pan made of run metal;

     An old arm-chair, in which I sit well —

     The back is round.

3. Exhausted; depleted (especially with "down" or "out").
4. (of a zoology) Travelled, migrated; having made a migration or a spawning run.
   • 1889, Henry Cholmondeley-Pennell, Fishing: Salmon and Trout, fifth edition, page 185:

     The temperature of the water is consequently much higher than in either England or Scotland, and many newly run salmon will be found in early spring in the upper waters of Irish rivers where obstructions exist.

   • 2005, Rod Sutterby, Malcolm Greenhalgh, Atlantic Salmon: An Illustrated Natural History, page 86:

     Thus, on almost any day of the year, a fresh-run salmon may be caught legally somewhere in the British Isles.

5. Smuggled.

   run brandy

Verb

run

1. past participle of rin

Anagrams

• Nur, URN, nur, urn

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

run

1. first-person singular present indicative of runnen
2. imperative of runnen

Gothic

Romanization

run

1. Romanization of ????????????

Mandarin

Romanization

run

1. Nonstandard spelling of rún.
2. Nonstandard spelling of rùn.

Usage notes

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Norman

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

run m (plural runs)

1. (nautical) beam (of a ship)

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *r?n?. Cognate with the Old Saxon r?na, Old High German r?na (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic ???????????????? (runa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ru?n/

Noun

r?n f

1. whisper
2. rune
3. mystery, secret
4. advice
5. writing

Declension

Derived terms

• ?er?ne
• r?nere
• r?nian

Descendants

• Middle English: roun
  • Scots: rune, roun, round
  • English: roun, round

See also

• dierne (adjective)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /run/

Noun

run n

1. genitive plural of runo

Noun

run f

1. genitive plural of runa

Further reading

• run in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *-ru?n.

Pronunciation

• (Hà N?i) IPA^(key): [zun??]
• (Hu?) IPA^(key): [?un??]
• (H? Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [??w??m??]

Verb

run • (?, ?, ?, ????)

1. to tremble, to shiver (due to cold)

Derived terms

Related terms

• rung (“to shake”)