different between stand vs allow

English

Etymology

From Middle English standen, from Old English standan (“to stand, occupy a place, be valid, stand good, be, exist, take place, consist, be fixed, remain undisturbed, stand still, cease to move, remain without motion, stop, maintain one’s position, not yield to pressure, reside, abide, continue, remain, not to fall, be upheld”), from Proto-Germanic *standan? (“to stand”), from Pre-Germanic *sth?-n-t-´, an innovative extended n-infixed form of Proto-Indo-European *steh?-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stænd/
• (/æ/ tensing) IPA^(key): [ste?nd]
• Rhymes: -ænd

Verb

stand (third-person singular simple present stands, present participle standing, simple past stood, past participle stood or (obsolete) standen or (nonstandard) stand)

1. (heading) To position or be positioned physically.
   1. (intransitive, copulative) To support oneself on the feet in an erect position.
   2. (intransitive) To rise to one’s feet; to stand up.

   3. (intransitive, copulative) To remain motionless.
      • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Matthew 2:9,^[1]

        The star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was.

      • Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her way through blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervating fear.

   4. (intransitive) To be placed in an upright or vertical orientation.
      • He seized the gun which always stood in a corner of his bedroom […].

   5. (transitive) To place in an upright or standing position.
   6. (intransitive) To occupy or hold a place; to be set, placed, fixed, located, or situated.
      • 1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 6:

        The chapel ?tands on the South ?ide of the ?quare, near the governor’s hou?e.

      • 2017 October 2, "Las Vegas shooting: At least 58 dead at Mandalay Bay Hotel", in bbc.com, BBC:

        Las Vegas police say the number of people injured now stands at 515.

   7. (intransitive) To measure when erect on the feet.
      • 1855, Alfred Tennyson, Maud, XIII, 1. in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, p. 44,^[2]

        His face, as I grant, in spite of spite, / Has a broad-blown comeliness, red and white, / And six feet two, as I think, he stands;

   8. (intransitive) (of tears) To be present, to have welled up (in the eyes).
      • c. 1590, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 3, Act V, Scene 6,^[3]

        many an orphan’s water-standing eye

      • 1651, Francis Bacon, A True and Historical Relation of the Poysoning of Sir Thomas Overbury, London: John Benson & John Playford, “Sir Jervas his Confession,” p. 71,^[4]

        now my heart beginneth to melt within me being wounded (with that the tears stood in his eyes) to see the faces of some here present, whom J most earnestly love, and now must depart from with shame […]

      • 1722, Daniel Defoe, Moll Flanders, London: W. Chetwood & T. Edling, p. 222,^[5]

        [he] pull’d me up again, and then giving me two or three Kisses again, thank’d me for my kind yielding to him; and was so overcome with the Satisfaction and Joy of it, that I saw Tears stand in his Eyes.

      • 1844, Charles Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman & Hall, Chapter 32, p. 380,^[6]

        He takes me half-price to the play, to an extent which I sometimes fear is beyond his means; and I see the tears a standing in his eyes during the whole performance […]

2. (heading) To position or be positioned mentally.
   1. (intransitive, followed by to + infinitive) To be positioned to gain or lose.

   2. (transitive, negative) To tolerate.
   3. (intransitive, copulative) To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield; to be safe.
      • February 2, 1712, Joseph Addison, The Spectator No. 291

        readers by whose judgment I would stand or fall

   4. (intransitive, copulative) To maintain an invincible or permanent attitude; to be fixed, steady, or firm; to take a position in resistance or opposition.

      • The king granted the Jews […] to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life.

      • July 29, 1660, Robert South, sermon preached at St. Mary's Church in Oxon

        the standing pattern of their imitation

   5. (intransitive, copulative, obsolete) To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be; to consist.

      • sacrifices […] which stood only in meats and drinks

      • Accomplish what your signs foreshow; / I stand resigned, and am prepared to go.
3. (heading) To position or be positioned socially.
   1. (intransitive, cricket) To act as an umpire.
   2. (transitive) To undergo; withstand; hold up.

      • Love stood the siege.

      • Bid him disband his legions, […] / And stand the judgment of a Roman senate.
   3. (intransitive, Britain) To seek election.
      • 1678, Izaak Walton, The Life of Robert Sanderson

        He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the university.

   4. (intransitive) To be valid.

   5. (transitive) To oppose, usually as a team, in competition.
      • 1957, Matt Christopher, Basketball Sparkplug, Ch.7:

        "Kim, Jack, and I will stand you guys," Jimmie Burdette said. ¶ "We'll smear you!" laughed Ron.

      • c. 1973, R. J. Childerhose, Hockey Fever in Goganne Falls, p.95:

        The game stopped while sides were sorted out. Andy did the sorting. "Okay," he said. "Jimmy is coming out. He and Gaston and Ike and me will stand you guys."

      • 1978, Louis Sachar, Sideways Stories from Wayside School, Ch.21:

        "Hey, Louis," Dameon shouted. "Do you want to play kickball?" ¶ ""All right," said Louis. "Ron and I will both play." […] ¶ "Ron and I will stand everybody!" Louis announced.

   6. (transitive) To cover the expense of; to pay for.
   7. (intransitive) To have or maintain a position, order, or rank; to be in a particular relation.

   8. (intransitive) To be consistent; to agree; to accord.
      • c. 1619, Philip Massinger and Nathan Field, The Fatal Dowry

        Doubt me not; by heaven, I will do nothing / But what may stand with honour.

   9. (intransitive) To appear in court.

      (Can we find and add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)

4. (intransitive, nautical) Of a ship or its captain, to steer, sail (in a specified direction, for a specified destination etc.).
   • 1630, John Smith, True Travels, in Kupperman 1988, p.40:

     To repaire his defects, hee stood for the coast of Calabria, but hearing there was six or seven Galleyes at Mesina hee departed thence for Malta […].

5. (intransitive, copulative) To remain without ruin or injury.
   • 1692, John Dryden, Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero, a Tragedy

     My mind on its own centre stands unmov'd.
6. (card games) To stop asking for more cards; to keep one's hand as it has been dealt so far.

Conjugation

Usage notes

• In older works, standen is found as a past participle of this verb; it is now archaic. The forms stooden and stand may also be found in dialectal speech; these are nonstandard.
• (tolerate): This is almost always found in a negative form such as can’t stand, or No-one can stand… In this sense it is a catenative verb that takes the gerund -ing or infinitive to.... See Appendix:English catenative verbs.

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

stand (plural stands)

1. The act of standing.
   • October 2, 1712, Joseph Addison, The Spectator No. 499

     I took my stand upon an eminence […] to look into their several ladings.

2. A defensive position or effort.

3. A resolute, unwavering position; firm opinion; action for a purpose in the face of opposition.

4. A period of performance in a given location or venue.

5. A device to hold something upright or aloft.

   • There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

6. The platform on which a witness testifies in court; the witness stand or witness box.

7. A particular grove or other group of trees or shrubs.

8. (forestry) A contiguous group of trees sufficiently uniform in age-class distribution, composition, and structure, and growing on a site of sufficiently uniform quality, to be a distinguishable unit.
9. A standstill, a motionless state, as of someone confused, or a hunting dog who has found game.
   • 1625, Francis Bacon, “Of Truth”, Essays

     One of the later school of the Grecians, examineth the matter, and is at a stand, to think what should be in it, that men should love lies; where neither they make for pleasure, as with poets, nor for advantage, as with the merchant; but for the lie’s sake.

   • 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, I.168:

     Antonia's patience now was at a stand—
     "Come, come, 't is no time now for fooling there,"
     She whispered […]

10. A small building, booth, or stage, as in a bandstand or hamburger stand.
11. A designated spot where someone or something may stand or wait.

12. (US, dated) The situation of a shop, store, hotel, etc.

13. (sports) Grandstand. (often in the plural)
14. (cricket) A partnership.
15. (military, plural often stand) A single set, as of arms.
    • 1927, Herbert Asbury, The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld, Paragon House (1990), ?ISBN, p.170:

      The police and troops captured eleven thousand stand of arms, including muskets and pistols, together with several thousand bludgeons and other weapons.

16. (obsolete) Rank; post; station; standing.

    • Father, since your fortune did attain
      So high a stand, I mean not to descend.

17. (dated) A state of perplexity or embarrassment.

18. A young tree, usually reserved when other trees are cut; also, a tree growing or standing upon its own root, in distinction from one produced from a scion set in a stock, either of the same or another kind of tree.
19. (obsolete) A weight of from two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds, used in weighing pitch.
20. A location or position where one may stand.
    • c. 1604 Measure for Measure by William Shakespeare

      Come, I have found you out a stand most fit, / Where you may have such vantage on the duke, / He shall not pass you.

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Catalan: estand
• ? Italian: stand
• ? Portuguese: estande
• ? Spanish: estand

Translations

Related terms

• stance
• stanza

Anagrams

• Dants, Sandt, dasn't, tdnas

Danish

Etymology

From the verb stande, influenced by Middle Low German stant, German Stand and (in the sense "booth") English stand.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?sd?an?]

Noun

stand c (singular definite standen, plural indefinite stænder)

1. position, social status, station
2. class, rank
3. occupation, trade, profession
4. estate

Inflection

Noun

stand c (singular definite standen, plural indefinite stande)

1. stand (device to hold something upright or aloft)
2. stand (small building or booth)
3. (uncountable) condition, repair

Inflection

Related terms

• godt i stand
• i stand til

References

• “stand” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *stand, from Proto-Germanic *standaz. Related to staan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?nt/
• Hyphenation: stand
• Rhymes: -?nt

Noun

stand m (plural standen, diminutive standje n)

1. posture, position, bearing
2. rank, standing, station; class
3. score (of a game, match)

Synonyms

• (posture): houding
• (rank): rang, klasse
• (score): score

Derived terms

• adelstand
• burgerstand
• slaapstand
• speelstand
• standenmaatschappij
• standje
• waterstand

Etymology 2

From English stand.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?nt/
• Hyphenation: stand

Noun

stand m (plural stands, diminutive standje n)

1. stand (small building or booth)

Synonyms

• kraam

Anagrams

• danst

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st??d/

Noun

stand m (plural stands)

1. stand

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?tant/
• Rhymes: -ant

Verb

stand

1. first/third-person singular preterite of stehen

Gothic

Romanization

stand

1. Romanization of ????????????????????

Hungarian

Etymology

From German Stand.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??t?nd]
• Hyphenation: stand
• Rhymes: -?nd

Noun

stand

1. stand, booth, stall, kiosk (a small enclosed structure, often freestanding, open on one side or with a window, used as a booth to sell newspapers, cigarettes, etc., on the street or in a market)

   Synonym: bódé

Declension

References

Further reading

• stand in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Italian

Etymology

From English stand.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?st?nd/

Noun

stand m (invariable)

1. stand, booth, stall, pavilion (at a fair)
2. stand, gallery (at a sporting event)
3. stand, case (in a store, supermarket)
4. stall (at a shooting range)

Synonyms

• (at a fair, shooting range): padiglione

Derived terms

• standista

Further reading

• stand in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From the old verb stande (replaced by stå), and English stand (sense 3)

Noun

stand m (definite singular standen, indefinite plural stander, definite plural standene)

1. condition, order, state
2. height, level, reading
3. a stand (e.g. at an exhibition)

Derived terms

• husstand
• i stand til
• standpunkt
• vannstand

References

• “stand” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From the old verb stande (replaced by stå).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?nd/, /st?n?/ (examples of pronunciation)

Noun

stand m (definite singular standen, indefinite plural standar, definite plural standane)

1. condition, order, state
2. height, level, reading

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

From German Stand. Doublet of Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?nd/, /st?n?/ (examples of pronunciation)

Noun

stand m (definite singular standen, indefinite plural stender, definite plural stendene)

1. (historical) an estate (social class)

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From English stand. Doublet of Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stænd/, /stæn?/ (example of pronunciation)

Noun

stand m (definite singular standen, indefinite plural standar, definite plural standane)

1. a stand (e.g. at an exhibition)

References

• “stand” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *standaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?nd/

Noun

stand m

1. (rare) delay

Declension

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *standaz, whence also Old English stand.

Noun

stand m

1. stand (clarification of this definition is needed)

Portuguese

Noun

stand m (plural stands)

1. Alternative form of estande

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?stand/, [?st?ãn?d?]

• IPA^(key): /es?tand/, [es?t?ãn?d?]

Noun

stand m (plural stands)

1. stand (enclosed structure in the street)

English

Etymology

From Middle English allowen, alowen, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman allouer, alouer, from Medieval Latin allaud?re, present active infinitive of allaud?, merged with alouer, from Medieval Latin alloc? (“to assign”). The similarity with Middle English alyfen (from Old English ?l?fan, ?l?efan) and German erlauben, both from Proto-Germanic *uzlaubijan? (“to allow”) is coincidental.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??la?/
• enPR: ?-lou'
• Rhymes: -a?

Verb

allow (third-person singular simple present allows, present participle allowing, simple past and past participle allowed)

1. (transitive) To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield; to let one have.
2. (transitive) To acknowledge; to accept as true; to concede; to accede to an opinion.
3. (transitive) To grant (something) as a deduction or an addition; especially to abate or deduct.

4. (transitive) To grant license to; to permit; to consent to.
5. To not bar or obstruct.
6. (transitive) To take into account by making an allowance.

7. (transitive) To render physically possible.
8. (transitive, obsolete) To praise; to approve of; hence, to sanction.
9. (obsolete) To sanction; to invest; to entrust.
10. (transitive, obsolete) To like; to be suited or pleased with.

Synonyms

• allot, assign, bestow, concede, admit, let, permit, suffer, tolerate

Derived terms

Related terms

• allowance
• disallow

Translations

References

• allow in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.