different between shape vs avoir

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: sh?p, IPA^(key): /?e?p/
• Rhymes: -e?p

Etymology

From Middle English shap, schape, from Old English ?esceap (“shape, form, created being, creature, creation, dispensation, fate, condition, sex, gender, genitalia”), from Proto-West Germanic *ga- + *skap, from Proto-Germanic *ga- + *skap? (“shape, nature, condition”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to split, cut”). Cognate with Middle Dutch schap (“form”), Middle High German geschaf (“creature”), Icelandic skap (“state, condition, temper, mood”).

The verb is from Middle English shapen, schapen, from Old English scieppan (“to shape, form, make, create, assign, arrange, destine, order, adjudge”), from Proto-Germanic *skapjan? (“to create”), from the noun. Cognate with Dutch scheppen, German schaffen, Swedish skapa (“create, make”), Norwegian skapa (“create”).

Noun

shape (countable and uncountable, plural shapes)

1. The status or condition of something

   The used bookshop wouldn't offer much due to the poor shape of the book.

2. Condition of personal health, especially muscular health.

   The vet checked to see what kind of shape the animal was in.

   We exercise to keep in good physical shape.

3. The appearance of something in terms of its arrangement in space, especially its outline; often a basic geometric two-dimensional figure.

   He cut a square shape out of the cake.

   What shape shall we use for the cookies? Stars, circles, or diamonds?

4. Form; formation.
   • 2006, Berdj Kenadjian, Martin Zakarian, From Darkness to Light:

     What if God's plans and actions do mold the shape of human events?

5. (iron manufacture) A rolled or hammered piece, such as a bar, beam, angle iron, etc., having a cross section different from merchant bar.
6. (iron manufacture) A piece which has been roughly forged nearly to the form it will receive when completely forged or fitted.
7. (cooking, now rare) A mould for making jelly, blancmange etc., or a piece of such food formed moulded into a particular shape.
   • 1918, Rebecca West, The Return of the Soldier, Virago 2014, page 74:

     ‘And if I'm late for supper there's a dish of macaroni cheese you must put in the oven and a tin of tomatoes to eat with it. And there's a little rhubarb and shape.’

   • 1978, Jane Gardam, God on the Rocks, Abacus 2014, p. 111:

     It was brawn and shape for high tea.

8. (gambling) A loaded die.
   • 1961, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Gambling and Organized Crime: Hearings (page 76)

     A top cheater seldom ever uses shapes or loaded dice because they do not assure you of winning.

9. (programming) In the Hack programming language, a group of data fields each of which has a name and a data type.

Hyponyms

• See also Thesaurus:shape

Hyponyms

• contest shape

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• Appendix:Forms and shapes

Verb

shape (third-person singular simple present shapes, present participle shaping, simple past shaped or (obsolete) shope, past participle shaped or (archaic) shapen)

1. (Northern England, Scotland, rare) To create or make.
   • 1685, Satan's Invisible World Discovered?

     Which the mighty God of heaven shope.

2. (transitive) To give something a shape and definition.
   • 1932, The American Scholar, page 227, United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa

     The professor never pretended to the academic prerogative of forcing his students into his own channels of reasoning; he entered into and helped shape the discussion but above all he made his men learn to think for themselves and rely upon their own intellectual judgments.

3. To form or manipulate something into a certain shape.
   • 1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure

     Grace shaped her limbs, and beauty decked her face.
4. (of a country, person, etc) To give influence to.
5. To suit; to be adjusted or conformable.
6. (obsolete) To imagine; to conceive.

Synonyms

• (give shape): form, mold

Derived terms

• beshape
• foreshape
• forshape
• misshape
• overshape
• shape up

Translations

References

• The Dictionary of the Scots Language
• shape in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• shape at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• HEPAs, Heaps, ephas, heaps, phase

French

Alternative forms

• havoir

Etymology

From Middle French avoir, from Old French avoir, aveir, aver, from Latin habe? (“have, hold, possess”), probably from a Proto-Italic *hab?? or *ha???, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *g?h?b?- (“to grab, to take”). Influenced and reinforced by similar (yet etymologically unrelated) verbs in Germanic; compare Frankish *hab?n, Frankish *heb?n (“to have”), Gothic ???????????????????? (haban, “to have”).

See closer cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin avouèr, Bourbonnais-Berrichon avoér, Bourguignon aivoi, Champenois aouâr, Corsican avè, Franco-Provençal avêr, Franc-Comtois aivoi, Gallo avair, Lorrain ahoir, Norman avaer, Occitan aver, Picard avoèr, Tourangeau avouèr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.vwa?/
• Rhymes: -wa?

Noun

avoir m (plural avoirs)

1. asset, possession

Verb

avoir

1. (transitive) to have (to own; to possess)

2. (intransitive, with à) to have (to), must

3. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)

4. (transitive) to have (a condition)

5. (transitive) to have (a measure or age)

6. to have (to trick)

7. to have (to participate in an experience)

Usage notes

Avoir is often used with nouns like chaud (“heat”), faim (“hunger”), soif (“thirst”), peur (“fear”), etc. to express a personal condition or feeling, as shown in examples above. While constructions like être affamé (“to be starving/starved”) and être assoiffé (“to be thirsty”) exist, they are almost always used figuratively. It is always more natural to use avoir rather than être in the examples listed above, and other similar cases. In some cases, both verbs can be used, but with vastly different meanings:

Conjugation

Derived terms

Pages starting with “avoir”.

• il y a
• l'avoir mauvaise
• n'avoir que faire
• n'y a-t-il
• un tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l'auras
• y a-t-il
• y avoir

See also

• être

Further reading

• “avoir” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle French

Alternative forms

• avoyr

Etymology

From Old French avoir, aveir, from Latin habe? (“have, hold, possess”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *g?h?b?- (“to grab, to take”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?vo?er/

Verb

avoir

1. to have
2. (auxiliary) to have (verb used to form the perfect tense)

Conjugation

• Like Modern French avoir, highly irregular
• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Descendants

• French: avoir

References

• avoir on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

Old French

Alternative forms

• aveir, aver, avoyr

Etymology

From earlier aveir, aver, from Latin habe? (“have, hold, possess”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?voi?r/

Verb

avoir

1. to have
2. (auxiliary) to have (verb used to form the perfect tense)
3. to exist (there is/there are)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Noun

avoir m (oblique plural avoirs, nominative singular avoirs, nominative plural avoir)

1. possession; good
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     C'est mes avoirs, c'est mes tresorz.

     It is my possession, it is my treasure.

Descendants

• Bourguignon: aivoi
• English: aver (from aver, aveir)
• Middle French: avoir
  • French: avoir
• Picard: avoèr
• Gallo: aveir (from aver, aveir)
• Norman: aveir, aver (from aver, aveir)
• Walloon: aveur (from aver, aveir)