different between sack vs rifle

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /sæk/
• Rhymes: -æk
• Homophones: sac, SAC

Etymology 1

From Middle English sak (“bag, sackcloth”), from Old English sacc (“sack, bag”) and sæcc (“sackcloth, sacking”); both from Proto-West Germanic *sakku, from late Proto-Germanic *sakkuz (“sack”), borrowed from Latin saccus (“large bag”), from Ancient Greek ?????? (sákkos, “bag of coarse cloth”), from Semitic, possibly Phoenician.

Cognate with Dutch zak, German Sack, Swedish säck, Hebrew ????? (?aq, “sack, sackcloth”), Aramaic ???????, Classical Syriac ????, Ge'ez ?? (?ä?), Akkadian ???????? (saqqu), Egyptian s?g?. Doublet of sac.

?erný and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of s?q (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ??? (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *??? rather than ?????. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian s?g?.

Noun

sack (plural sacks)

1. A bag; especially a large bag of strong, coarse material for storage and handling of various commodities, such as potatoes, coal, coffee; or, a bag with handles used at a supermarket, a grocery sack; or, a small bag for small items, a satchel.
2. The amount a sack holds; also, an archaic or historical measure of varying capacity, depending on commodity type and according to local usage; an old English measure of weight, usually of wool, equal to 13 stone (182 pounds), or in other sources, 26 stone (364 pounds).
   • The American sack of salt is 215 pounds; the sack of wheat, two bushels. — McElrath.
   • 1843, The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Vol. 27, page 202

     Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod, 6 1/2 tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. [...] It is to be observed here that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds.
3. (uncountable) The plunder and pillaging of a captured town or city.

   The sack of Rome.

4. (uncountable) Loot or booty obtained by pillage.
5. (American football) A successful tackle of the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage. See verb sense⁴ below.
6. (baseball) One of the square bases anchored at first base, second base, or third base.

   He twisted his ankle sliding into the sack at second.

7. (informal) Dismissal from employment, or discharge from a position, usually as give (someone) the sack or get the sack. See verb sense⁵ below.

   The boss is gonna give her the sack today.

   He got the sack for being late all the time.

8. (colloquial, US) Bed; usually as hit the sack or in the sack. See also sack out.
9. (dated) (also sacque) A kind of loose-fitting gown or dress with sleeves which hangs from the shoulders, such as a gown with a Watteau back or sack-back, fashionable in the late 17th to 18th century; or, formerly, a loose-fitting hip-length jacket, cloak or cape.
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book IV, chapter vii, Google Books

     Molly, therefore, having dressed herself out in this sack, with a new laced cap, and some other ornaments which Tom had given her, repairs to church with her fan in her hand the very next Sunday.

   • 1780, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, p. 151:

     Her Dress, too, was of the same cast, a thin muslin short sacque and Coat lined throughout with Pink, – a modesty bit – and something of a very short cloak half concealed about half of her old wrinkled Neck […].

   • 1828, JT Smith, Nollekens and His Times, Century Hutchinson 1986, p. 13:

     This lady's interesting figure, on her wedding-day, was attired in a sacque and petticoat of the most expensive brocaded white silk, resembling net-work, enriched with small flowers […] .

10. (dated) A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to bottom without a cross seam.
11. (vulgar, slang) The scrotum.

    He got passed the ball, but it hit him in the sack.

Synonyms

• (bag): bag, tote, poke (obsolete)
• (booty obtained by pillage): See Thesaurus:booty
• (informal: dismissal from employment): the axe, pink slip, the boot, the chop, the elbow, one's cards, the old heave-ho
• (colloquial: bed): hay, rack
• (vulgar slang: scrotum): See Thesaurus:scrotum

Hyponyms

• (bag): bindle

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ??? (sakku)

Translations

Verb

sack (third-person singular simple present sacks, present participle sacking, simple past and past participle sacked)

1. To put in a sack or sacks.

   Help me sack the groceries.

   • 1903, Jack London, The Call of the Wild, Chapter VII,

     The gold was sacked in moose-hide bags, fifty pounds to the bag […]

2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders.
3. To plunder or pillage, especially after capture; to obtain spoils of war from.

   The barbarians sacked Rome.

   • 1898, Homer, translated by Samuel Butler, The Iliad, Book IX,

     It [a lyre] was part of the spoils which he had taken when he sacked the city of Eetion […]

4. (American football) To tackle the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage, especially before he is able to throw a pass.
   • 1995, John Crumpacker and Gwen Knapp, "Sack-happy defensive line stuns Dolphins", SFGate.com, November 21,

     On third down, the rejuvenated Rickey Jackson stormed in over All-Pro left tackle Richmond Webb to sack Marino yet again for a 2-yard loss.

5. (informal) To discharge from a job or position; to fire.

   He was sacked last September.

   • 1999, "Russian media mogul dismisses Yeltsin's bid to sack him", CNN.com, March 5,

     […] Boris Berezovsky on Friday dismissed President Boris Yeltsin's move to sack him from his post as executive secretary of the Commonwealth of Independent States, […]

Synonyms

• (plunder, pillage): loot, ransack
• (to remove someone from a job): can, dismiss, fire, lay off, let go, terminate, make redundant, give the axe, give the boot, give (someone) their cards, give the chop, give the elbow, give the old heave-ho, See also: Thesaurus:lay off
• (slang: to hit in the groin): rack

Derived terms

• sackable
• sackage
• sacker
• sack out
• sack up

Translations

Etymology 2

From earlier (wyne) seck from Middle French (vin (“wine”)) sec (“dry”), from Latin siccus (“dry”)

Noun

sack (countable and uncountable, plural sacks)

2. (dated) A variety of light-colored dry wine from Spain or the Canary Islands; also, any strong white wine from southern Europe; sherry.

   • Will't please your lordship drink a cup of sack? ...I ne'er drank sack in my life...

   • Thou art so fat-witted, with drinking of old sack...let a cup of sack be my poison...Wherein is he good, but to taste sack and drink it?

   • 1610, The Tempest, by Shakespeare, act 2 scene 2

     How didst thou 'scape? How cam'st thou hither? swear / by this bottle how thou cam'st hither—I escaped upon / a butt of sack, which the sailors heaved overboard, by / this bottle!

   • The New Sporting Magazine (volume 15, page 23)

     The vesper bell had rung its parting note; the domini were mostly caged in comfortable quarters, discussing the merits of old port; and the merry student had closed his oak, to consecrate the night to friendship, sack, and claret.

Derived terms

• sack-whey

See also

• claret, hock, tent

Etymology 3

Noun

sack (plural sacks)

1. Dated form of sac (“pouch in a plant or animal”).
   • 1938, The Microscope (volumes 1-2, page 56)

     Sometimes fishes are born that have rudimentary yolk sacks. Such young are born prematurely.

Etymology 4

Verb

sack (third-person singular simple present sacks, present participle sacking, simple past and past participle sacked)

1. Alternative spelling of sac (“sacrifice”)

Noun

sack (plural sacks)

1. Alternative spelling of sac (“sacrifice”)

See also

• sack on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Sack in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

References

• Forbes, Robert Jacobus (1955) Studies in Ancient Technology, vol. IV, p. 66
• ?erný, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ?ISBN, page 149
• Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, ?ISBN, page 186
• Hoch, James E. (1994) Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, Princeton: Princeton University Press, ?ISBN, page 269

Anagrams

• ACKs, SKCA, acks, cask

Westrobothnian

Etymology

From Old Norse sokkr, from Latin soccus (“slipper”), from Ancient Greek ?????? (súkkhos, “a kind of shoe”), probably from Phrygian or another language from Asia Minor.

Pronunciation

• (masc.; str.) IPA^(key): /?s?kh?/

  Rhymes: -??k?

• (masc. def.; str.) IPA^(key): /?s?t??h?en/
• (masc., fem.; wk.) IPA^(key): /²s?kh?/

  Rhymes: -??k?

Noun

sack m or f

1. Sock.

Derived terms

• tåsack

English

Etymology

Originally short for “rifled gun”, referring to the spiral grooves inside the barrel. From Middle English, from Old French rifler (“to scrape off, plunder”), from Old Dutch *riffil?n (compare archaic Dutch rijfelen (“to scrape”), Old English geriflian (“to wrinkle”)), frequentative of Proto-Germanic *r?fan? (compare Old Norse rífa (“to tear, break”)). More at rive.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??a?f?l/

Noun

rifle (plural rifles)

1. (weaponry) A shouldered firearm with a long, rifled barrel to improve range and accuracy.
2. (military, usually in the plural, dated) A rifleman.
3. (weaponry) An artillery piece with a rifled barrel.
4. A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material, used for sharpening scythes.

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

Verb

rifle (third-person singular simple present rifles, present participle rifling, simple past and past participle rifled)

1. (intransitive) To quickly search through many items (such as papers, the contents of a drawer, a pile of clothing). (See also riffle^[2])

2. (intransitive) To commit robbery or theft.
3. (transitive) To search with intent to steal; to ransack, pillage or plunder.
   • Template:RQ:Joseph Hall Paraphrases

     thine enemies […] shall ransack and rifle all the things of Edom; and shall search out all thy hidden commodities, and carry them away at once

4. (transitive) To strip of goods; to rob; to pillage.
5. (transitive) To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry off.
6. (transitive) To add a spiral groove to a gun bore to make a fired bullet spin in flight in order to improve range and accuracy.
7. (transitive) To cause (a projectile, as a rifle bullet) to travel in a flat ballistic trajectory.
   • 2011 Fighting for Gold: The Story of Canada's Sledge Hockey Paralympic Gold by Lorna Schultz Schultz Nicholson

     But a Norwegian player rifled off a point shot that sailed into the back of the net.

8. (intransitive) To move in a flat ballistic trajectory (as a rifle bullet).
   • 2014: Lights of Summer: The Run for Glory by Alexander Rebelle

     The ball rifled off the bat.

9. (obsolete, transitive) To dispose of in a raffle.
   • 1605, John Webster, Northward Ho

     If you like not that course but intend to be rid of her , rifle her at a tavern , where you may swallow down some fifty wiseacres ' sons and heirs to old tenements and common gardens , like so many raw yolks with muscadine to bedward Kate.

10. (obsolete, intransitive) To engage in a raffle.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)

Translations

References

• rifle at OneLook Dictionary Search
• rifle in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Filer, Friel, filer, flier, lifer

Catalan

Etymology

From English rifle.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /?ri.fl?/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?ri.fle/

Noun

rifle m (plural rifles)

1. rifle

Further reading

• “rifle” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “rifle” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “rifle” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “rifle” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ifl/

Etymology 1

From American English rifle (19th century).

Noun

rifle m (plural rifles)

1. rifle (carabine)

Related terms

• .22 Long Rifle

Etymology 2

Verb

rifle

1. first-person singular present indicative of rifler
2. third-person singular present indicative of rifler
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of rifler
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of rifler
5. second-person singular imperative of rifler

Further reading

• “rifle” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• filer

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Apparently from Middle Low German or Low German riffel, but compare Danish riffel.

Noun

rifle f or m (definite singular rifla or riflen, indefinite plural rifler, definite plural riflene)

1. (firearm) a rifle

Derived terms

• jaktrifle

References

• “rifle” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

As above.

Noun

rifle f (definite singular rifla, indefinite plural rifler, definite plural riflene)

1. (firearm) a rifle

Derived terms

• jaktrifle

References

• “rifle” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• refle

Etymology

From English rifle, from Middle English, from Old French rifler (“to scrape off, plunder”), from Old Low Franconian Old Dutch *rifillon, frequentative of Proto-Germanic *r?fan?.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /??i.fli/
• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /?hi.fle/

Noun

rifle m (plural rifles)

1. rifle

   Synonyms: escopeta, espingarda, fuzil, refle

Further reading

• “rifle” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English rifle.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?rifle/, [?rif.le]

Noun

rifle m (plural rifles)

1. rifle

   Synonym: fusil

Further reading

• “rifle” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.