different between rough vs nasty

rough

English

Alternative forms

  • ruff (colloquial)

Etymology

From Middle English rough, rogh, ro?e, row, rou, ru, ru?, ruh, from Old English r?g, r?h, from Proto-Germanic *r?haz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (rough), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (rough), West Frisian rûch (rough), Low German ruuch (rough), Dutch ruig (rough), German rau(h) (rough).

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /??f/
  • Rhymes: -?f
  • Homophone: ruff

Adjective

rough (comparative rougher, superlative roughest)

  1. Not smooth; uneven.
    • 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1
      The rock was one of those tremendously solid brown, or rather black, rocks which emerge from the sand like something primitive. Rough with crinkled limpet shells and sparsely strewn with locks of dry seaweed, a small boy has to stretch his legs far apart, and indeed to feel rather heroic, before he gets to the top.
  2. Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
  3. Turbulent.
    • 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii:
      With my mother's permission and blessings, I set off exultantly for Bombay, leaving my wife with a baby of a few months. But on arrival there, friends told my brother that the Indian Ocean was rough in June and July, and as this was my first voyage, I should not be allowed to sail until November.
  4. Difficult; trying.
  5. Crude; unrefined
  6. Violent; not careful or subtle
  7. Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
    • But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song,
      And smooth or rough, with them
  8. Not polished; uncut; said of a gem.
  9. Harsh-tasting.
  10. (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Somewhat ill; sick
  11. (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover

Antonyms

  • smooth

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

rough (plural roughs)

  1. The unmowed part of a golf course.
  2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
  3. (cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
  4. The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
  5. A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
  6. (obsolete) Boisterous weather.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Fletcher to this entry?)
  7. A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

rough (third-person singular simple present roughs, present participle roughing, simple past and past participle roughed)

  1. To create in an approximate form.
  2. (ice hockey) To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
  3. To render rough; to roughen.
  4. To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Crabb to this entry?)
  5. To endure primitive conditions.
  6. (transitive) To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.

Derived terms

Translations

Adverb

rough (comparative more rough, superlative most rough)

  1. In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.

Derived terms

  • sleep rough

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nasty

English

Etymology

From Middle English nasty, nasti, naxty, naxte (unclean, filthy), probably from Old Norse *nask- +? -y, whence also Early Modern English nasky (nasty). Compare Swedish naskig, naskug (nasty, dirty, messy), Swedish and Danish nasket (dirty, foul, unpleasant). Compare also Low German nask (nasty).

Alternative theories include:

  • From Old French nastre (bad, strange), shortened form of villenastre (infamous, bad), from vilein (villain) + -astre (pejorative suffix), from Latin -aster.
  • Middle Dutch nestich, nistich ("nasty, dirty, unpleasant"; > Modern Dutch nestig (dirty, filthy, unclean)), perhaps ultimately connected to the Scandinavian word above.
  • Other suggestions include Old High German naz (wet), hardening of English nesh(y) (soft), or alteration of English naughty.
  • Modern use of the word is sometimes attributed to the popular and often derogatory 19th century American political cartoons of Thomas Nast, but the word predates him.

Pronunciation

  • (AusE) IPA(key): /?na?.sti/
    • Rhymes: -??sti
  • (UK) IPA(key): /?n??.sti/
    • Rhymes: -??sti
  • (US) IPA(key): /?næs.ti/
    • Rhymes: -æsti

Adjective

nasty (comparative nastier, superlative nastiest)

  1. (now chiefly US) Dirty, filthy. [from 14th c.]
    • 2006, Marie Fontaine, The Chronicles of my Ghetto Street Volume One, p. 156:
      I really don't have any friends at school Mama Mia. They talk about me all the time. They say my hair's nappy and my clothes are nasty.
  2. Contemptible, unpleasant (of a person). [from 15th c.]
    • 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula:
      Jonathan kept staring at him, till I was afraid he would notice. I feared he might take it ill, he looked so fierce and nasty.
  3. Objectionable, unpleasant (of a thing); repellent, offensive. [from 16th c.]
    • 1838, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist:
      ‘It's a nasty trade,’ said Mr. Limbkins, when Gamfield had again stated his wish.
  4. Indecent or offensive; obscene, lewd. [from 17th c.]
    • 1933, Dorothy L Sayers, Murder Must Advertise:
      He said to Mr. Tallboy he thought the headline was a bit hot. And Mr. Tallboy said he had a nasty mind.
    • 2009, Okera H, Be Your Priority, Not His Option, Mill City Press 2009, p. 45:
      We want threesomes, blowjobs, and orgies. That's just the way it is. We want the good girl who's nasty in bed.
  5. Spiteful, unkind. [from 19th c.]
    • 2012, The Guardian, 3 Jun 2012:
      She had said: "I love the block button on Twitter. I don't know how people expect to send a nasty comment and not get blocked."
  6. (chiefly Britain) Awkward, difficult to navigate; dangerous. [from 19th c.]
    • 2007, The Observer, 5 Aug 2007:
      There was a nasty period during the First World War when the family's allegiance was called into question - not least because one of the Schroders had been made a baron by the Kaiser.
  7. (chiefly Britain) Grave or dangerous (of an accident, illness etc.). [from 19th c.]
    • 2012, James Ball, The Guardian, 2 Mar 2012:
      Moving into the middle ages, William the Conqueror managed to rout the English and rule the country, then see off numerous plots and assassination attempts, before his horse did for him in a nasty fall, killing him at 60.
  8. (slang, chiefly US) Formidable, terrific; wicked. [from 20th c.]

Translations

Derived terms

  • nastygram

Noun

nasty (plural nasties)

  1. (informal) Something nasty.
  2. (euphemistic, slang, preceded by "the") Sexual intercourse.
  3. A video nasty.
    • 1984, ThirdWay (volume 7, number 5, page 17)
      In this way, it is hoped that the nasties will be dealt with, and the remainder regularized.

Derived terms

  • do the nasty
  • video nasty

References

Anagrams

  • Ansty, Santy, Tansy, Yants, antsy, tansy

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