different between quadrivium vs quadrivial

English

Etymology

From Medieval Latin quadrivium (“the four mathematical studies”), from Latin quattuor (“four”) + via (“road”).

Noun

quadrivium (plural quadriviums or quadrivia)

1. (education, historical) The higher division of the seven liberal arts in the Middle Ages, composed of geometry, astronomy, arithmetic, and music.

Coordinate terms

• trivium

Translations

Latin

Alternative forms

• *quadruvium (Vulgar)

Etymology

From quattuor (“four”) +? via (“road”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /k?a?dri.u?i.um/, [k?ä?d???u?i???]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kwa?dri.vi.um/, [kw??d??i?vium]

Noun

quadrivium n (genitive quadrivi? or quadriv?); second declension

1. a crossroads; place where four ways meet.
2. (Medieval Latin) the quadrivium (the four mathematical liberal arts)

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Descendants

• English: quadrivium
• Old French: carroge, carouge
  • French: Carouge, Carrouge (towns in Switzerland)
• Polish: quadrivium, kwadrywium

References

• quadrivium in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• quadrivium in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• quadrivium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• quadrivium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• quadrivium in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (carroge)
• “carrefour” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

English

Etymology

• quadrivium +? -al

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kw?d???vi?l/

Noun

quadrivial (plural quadrivials)

1. Any of the four "liberal arts" making up the quadrivium.
   • c. 1521, John Skelton, “Speke Parott”:

     Tryuyals, & quatryuyals, ?o ?ore now they appayre
     That Parrot the Popagay, hath pytye to beholde
     How the re?t of good lernyng, is roufled vp & trold

Adjective

quadrivial (not comparable)

1. Having four ways meeting in a point.
   • 1612, Ben Jonson, Epigrams

     quadrivial streets

References

quadrivial in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.