different between penitent vs expiate

English

Alternative forms

• pænitent (archaic)
• penitant (obsolete)
• pœnitent (archaic, nonstandard)

Etymology

From Middle English, from Old French, from Latin paenit?ns, poenit?ns (“penitent”), present participle of paenite?, poenite? (“I cause to repent; I regret, repent”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?p?n?t?nt/

Adjective

penitent (comparative more penitent, superlative most penitent)

1. Feeling pain or sorrow on account of one's sins or offenses; feeling sincere guilt.

   Synonyms: repentant, contrite; see also Thesaurus:remorseful

   • 1671, John Milton, Paradise Regained

     Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite.

   • 1838, Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy, B. Blake, p.730,

     If thou be penitent and grieved, or desirous to be so, these heinous sins shall not be laid to thy charge.

2. Doing penance.
   • c. 1594, William Shakespeare, The Comedy of Errors, [Act I, scene ii]:

     […] But we that know what ’tis to fa?t and pray, / Are penitent for your default to day.

Translations

Noun

penitent (plural penitents)

1. One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his or her transgressions.
2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing penance.

   Hyponym: consistent

   • 1837, William Russell, The History of Modern Europe: with an Account of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Longman, Rees, & Co., page 20,

     Wamba, who defeated the Saracens in an attempt upon Spain, was deprived of the crown, because he had been clothed in the habit of a penitent, while labouring under the influence of poison, administered by the ambitious Erviga!

3. One under the direction of a confessor.

Translations

Related terms

Further reading

• penitent in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• penitent in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• penitent at OneLook Dictionary Search

Romanian

Etymology

From French pénitent, from Latin poenitens.

Adjective

penitent m or n (feminine singular penitent?, masculine plural peniten?i, feminine and neuter plural penitente)

1. penitent

Declension

English

Etymology

From Latin expi?tus, past participle of expi? (“atone for”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /??k.spi.e?t/

Verb

expiate (third-person singular simple present expiates, present participle expiating, simple past and past participle expiated)

1. (transitive or intransitive) To atone or make reparation for.
   • 1888, Leo XIII, "Quod Anniversarius",

     Thus those pious souls who expiate the remainder of their sins amidst such tortures will receive a special and opportune consolation, […]

   • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, Chapter VI,

     I am going out to expiate a great wrong, Paul. A very necessary feature of the expiation is the marksmanship of my opponent.
2. (transitive) To make amends or pay the penalty for.
   • 1876, Jules Verne, translated by Stephen W. White, The Mysterious Island, part 2, chapter 17,

     He had only to live and expiate in solitude the crimes which he had committed.
3. (transitive, obsolete) To relieve or cleanse of guilt.
   • 1829, Pierre Henri Larcher, Larcher's Notes on Herodotus, vol. 2, p. 195,

     […] and Epimenides was brought from Crete to expiate the city.

4. (transitive) To purify with sacred rites.
5. (transitive) To wind up, bring to an end.

Usage notes

Intransitive use, constructed with for (like atone), is obsolete in Christian usage, but fairly common in informal discussions of Islam.

Related terms

• expiation
• expiator
• expiatory

Translations

Anagrams

• apexite

Latin

Verb

expi?te

1. second-person plural present active imperative of expi?