different between penalty vs penitent

English

Alternative forms

• pœnalty (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle French pénalité

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?p?n?lti/
• Hyphenation: pen?al?ty

Noun

penalty (plural penalties)

1. A legal sentence.

2. A punishment for violating rules of procedure.
   • 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I,

     Was it so irreconcilable, Warwick wondered, as still to peal out the curfew bell, which at nine o'clock at night had clamorously warned all negroes, slave or free, that it was unlawful for them to be abroad after that hour, under penalty of imprisonment or whipping?

3. (finance) A payment forfeited for an early withdrawal from an account or an investment.
4. In sports
   1. (soccer) A direct free kick from the penalty spot, taken after a defensive foul in the penalty box; a penalty kick.
   2. (ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.

Synonyms

• punition
• punishment
• sentence

Derived terms

Related terms

• penal
• penality (rare)
• penalize

Descendants

• ? Gulf Arabic: ?????? (balanti)
• ? Spanish: penalti

Translations

See also

• free kick

Anagrams

• a-plenty, aplenty, netplay

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English penalty.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: pe?nal?ty

Noun

penalty m (plural penalty's, diminutive penalty'tje n)

1. penalty kick

French

Alternative forms

• pénalty

Etymology

Borrowed from English penalty, itself a borrowing from French pénalité (thus a reborrowing). Doublet of pénalité.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe.nal.ti/

Noun

penalty m (plural penaltys or penalties)

1. (sports) penalty, penalty kick

Further reading

• “penalty” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

English

Alternative forms

• pænitent (archaic)
• penitant (obsolete)
• pœnitent (archaic, nonstandard)

Etymology

From Middle English, from Old French, from Latin paenit?ns, poenit?ns (“penitent”), present participle of paenite?, poenite? (“I cause to repent; I regret, repent”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?p?n?t?nt/

Adjective

penitent (comparative more penitent, superlative most penitent)

1. Feeling pain or sorrow on account of one's sins or offenses; feeling sincere guilt.

   Synonyms: repentant, contrite; see also Thesaurus:remorseful

   • 1671, John Milton, Paradise Regained

     Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite.

   • 1838, Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy, B. Blake, p.730,

     If thou be penitent and grieved, or desirous to be so, these heinous sins shall not be laid to thy charge.

2. Doing penance.
   • c. 1594, William Shakespeare, The Comedy of Errors, [Act I, scene ii]:

     […] But we that know what ’tis to fa?t and pray, / Are penitent for your default to day.

Translations

Noun

penitent (plural penitents)

1. One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his or her transgressions.
2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing penance.

   Hyponym: consistent

   • 1837, William Russell, The History of Modern Europe: with an Account of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Longman, Rees, & Co., page 20,

     Wamba, who defeated the Saracens in an attempt upon Spain, was deprived of the crown, because he had been clothed in the habit of a penitent, while labouring under the influence of poison, administered by the ambitious Erviga!

3. One under the direction of a confessor.

Translations

Related terms

Further reading

• penitent in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• penitent in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• penitent at OneLook Dictionary Search

Romanian

Etymology

From French pénitent, from Latin poenitens.

Adjective

penitent m or n (feminine singular penitent?, masculine plural peniten?i, feminine and neuter plural penitente)

1. penitent

Declension