different between pass vs across

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??s/
  • (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA^(key): [p???s]
  • (General Australian, General New Zealand) IPA^(key): [p?ä?s], [p???s]
  • (Boston) IPA^(key): [p?a?s]
• IPA^(key): /pæs/
  • (General American, Canada) IPA^(key): [p?æs], [p???s], [p?e?s]
  • (Ireland, Northern England) IPA^(key): [p?as], [p?æs]
  • (Scotland) IPA^(key): [p?äs]
  • (NYC) IPA^(key): [p?e??s]
• Rhymes: -æs, -??s
• Hyphenation: pass

Etymology 1

From Middle English passen, from Old French passer (“to step, walk, pass”), from *Vulgar Latin pass?re (“step, walk, pass”), from Latin passus (“a step”), pandere (“to spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European *pth?noh?, from Proto-Indo-European *peth?- (“to spread, stretch out”). Cognate with Old English fæþm (“armful, fathom”). More at fathom.

Alternative forms

• passe (obsolete)

Verb

pass (third-person singular simple present passes, present participle passing, simple past and past participle passed)

1. To change place.
   1. (intransitive) To move or be moved from one place to another.

      Synonyms: go, move

   2. (transitive) To go past, by, over, or through; to proceed from one side to the other of; to move past.

      Synonyms: overtake, pass by, pass over
   3. (ditransitive) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another.

      Synonyms: deliver, give, hand, make over, send, transfer, transmit

      • I had only time to pass my eye over the medals.
   4. (intransitive, transitive, medicine) To eliminate (something) from the body by natural processes.

      Synonyms: evacuate, void

   5. (transitive, nautical) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure.
   6. (sports) to make a movement
      1. (transitive, soccer) To kick (the ball) with precision rather than at full force.
         • 20 June 2010, The Guardian, Rob Smyth

           Iaquinta passes it coolly into the right-hand corner as Paston dives the other way.

      2. (transitive) To move (the ball or puck) to a teammate.
      3. (intransitive, fencing) To make a lunge or swipe.

         Synonym: thrust

      4. (intransitive, American football) To throw the ball, generally downfield, towards a teammate.

   7. (intransitive) To go from one person to another.
   8. (transitive) To put in circulation; to give currency to.

      Synonyms: circulate, pass around

   9. (transitive) To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance.

      Synonyms: admit, let in, let past

   10. (transitive, cooking) To put through a sieve.

2. To change in state or status
   1. (intransitive) To progress from one state to another; to advance.

   2. (intransitive) To depart, to cease, to come to an end.

      • Beauty's a charm, but soon the charm will pass.

      • 1995, Penny Richards, The Greatest Gift of All:

        The crisis passed as she'd prayed it would, but it remained to be seen just how much damage had been done.

   3. (intransitive) To die.

      Synonyms: pass away, pass on, pass over; see also Thesaurus:die

   4. (intransitive, transitive) To achieve a successful outcome from.

   5. (intransitive, transitive) To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to become valid or effective; to obtain the formal sanction of (a legislative body).

      Synonyms: be accepted by, be passed by
   6. (intransitive, law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance.

   7. (transitive) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just.

      Synonyms: approve, enact, ratify
   8. (intransitive, law) To make a judgment on or upon a person or case.
      • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, Book X:

        And within three dayes twelve knyghtes passed uppon hem; and they founde Sir Palomydes gylty, and Sir Saphir nat gylty, of the lordis deth.

   9. (transitive) To utter; to pronounce; to pledge.

      Synonyms: pronounce, say, speak, utter

      • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost

        Father, thy word is passed.

   10. (intransitive) To change from one state to another (without the implication of progression).
3. To move through time.
   1. (intransitive, of time) To elapse, to be spent.

      Synonyms: elapse, go by; see also Thesaurus:elapse

   2. (transitive, of time) To spend.
      • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost

        To pass commodiously this life.
   3. (transitive) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard.

      Synonyms: disregard, ignore, take no notice of; see also Thesaurus:ignore

      • I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array.

   4. (intransitive) To continue.

      Synonyms: continue, go on

   5. (intransitive) To proceed without hindrance or opposition.

   6. (transitive) To live through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer.

      Synonyms: bear, endure, suffer, tolerate, undergo; see also Thesaurus:tolerate
   7. (intransitive) To happen.

      Synonyms: happen, occur; see also Thesaurus:happen

      • 1876, The Dilemma, Chapter LIII, republished in Littell's Living Age, series 5, volume 14, page 274:

        […] for the memory of what passed while at that place is almost blank.

4. To be accepted.
   1. (intransitive) To be tolerated as a substitute for something else, to "do".

   2. (sociology) To be accepted by others as a member of a race, sex or other group to which they would not otherwise regard one as belonging (or belonging fully, without qualifier); especially to live and be known as white although one has black ancestry, or to live and be known as female although one was assigned male or vice versa.
5. To refrain from doing something.
   1. (intransitive) To decline something that is offered or available.

      Coordinate terms: pass on, pass up

   2. (intransitive) To decline or not attempt to answer a question.

   3. (intransitive) In turn-based games, to decline to play in one's turn.
   4. (intransitive, card games) In euchre, to decline to make the trump.
6. To do or be better.
   1. (intransitive, obsolete) To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess.

      Synonyms: exceed, surpass

   2. (transitive) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.

      Synonyms: better, exceed, excel, outdo, surpass, transcend; see also Thesaurus:exceed
7. (intransitive, obsolete) To take heed.

   Synonyms: take heed, take notice; see also Thesaurus:pay attention

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English pas, pase, pace, from passen (“to pass”).

Noun

pass (plural passes)

1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier such as a mountain range; a passageway; a defile; a ford.

   Synonyms: gap, notch
2. A channel connecting a river or body of water to the sea, for example at the mouth (delta) of a river.

3. A single movement, especially of a hand, at, over, or along anything.
   • 1921, John Griffin, "Trailing the Grizzly in Oregon", in Forest and Stream, pages 389-391 and 421-424, republished by Jeanette Prodgers in 1997 in The Only Good Bear is a Dead Bear, page 35:

     [The bear] made a pass at the dog, but he swung out and above him […]

4. A single passage of a tool over something, or of something over a tool.

   Synonym: transit

5. An attempt.

6. Success in an examination or similar test.

7. (fencing) A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary.

   Synonym: thrust

8. (figuratively) A thrust; a sally of wit.
9. A sexual advance.

10. (sports) The act of moving the ball or puck from one player to another.
11. (rail transport) A passing of two trains in the same direction on a single track, when one is put into a siding to let the other overtake it.

    Antonym: meet

12. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come.
    • 1826, James Kent, Commentaries on American Law

      A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy.

    Synonyms: access, admission, entry

13. A document granting permission to pass or to go and come; a passport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission

14. (baseball) An intentional walk.

15. (sports) The act of overtaking; an overtaking manoeuvre.

16. The state of things; condition; predicament; impasse.
    • Matters have been brought to this pass, that, if one among a man's sons had any blemish, he laid him aside for the ministry...

    Synonyms: condition, predicament, state

17. (obsolete) Estimation; character.
18. (obsolete, Chaucer) A part, a division. Compare passus.
19. (cooking) The area in a restaurant kitchen where the finished dishes are passed from the chefs to the waiting staff.
20. An act of declining to play one's turn in a game, often by saying the word "pass".

21. (computing) A run through a document as part of a translation, compilation or reformatting process.

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

Short for password.

Noun

pass (plural passes)

1. (computing, slang) A password (especially one for a restricted-access website).
   • 1999, "Jonny Durango", IMPORTANT NEWS FOR AHM IRC CHAN!!! (on newsgroup alt.hackers.malicious)

     If you don't have your password set within a week I'll remove you from the userlist and I'll add you again next time I see you in the chan and make sure you set a pass.

Translations

Further reading

• pass in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• pass in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• pass at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• APSS, ASPs, PSAS, PSAs, SAPs, asps, saps, spas

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [p?as?]

Noun

pass n (genitive singular pass, plural pass)

1. passport

Declension

German

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -as

Verb

pass

1. singular imperative of passen

Lombard

Etymology

From Latin passus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pas]

Noun

pass ?

1. step
2. mountain pass

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

pass n (definite singular passet, indefinite plural pass, definite plural passa or passene)

1. a passport (travel document)
2. a pass (fjellpass - mountain pass)

Derived terms

• barnepass (from the verb passe)
• fjellpass
• passbilde
• passfoto

Verb

pass

1. imperative of passe

References

• “pass” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

pass n (definite singular passet, indefinite plural pass, definite plural passa)

1. a passport (travel document)
2. a pass, mountain pass

Derived terms

• barnepass (from the verb passe)
• fjellpass
• passbilde, passbilete
• passfoto

References

• “pass” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Swedish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From German, originally from Italian passo

Noun

pass n

1. passport (document granting permission to pass)
2. place which you (must) pass or is passing; mountain pass
3. pace; a kind of gait
4. place where a hunter hunts; place where a policeman patrols
5. spell (a period of duty); shift
6. leave notice (document granting permission to leave) (from prison)

Declension

Synonyms

• genomfart, överfart, passage

• leave notice: permissionssedel, permissionspass

Derived terms

• passa
• passlig
• till pass

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

pass c

1. (ball sports) pass; a transfer of the ball from one player to another in the same team

Declension

Synonyms

• passning

Derived terms

Anagrams

• asps

English

Alternative forms

• acrost (dialectal)

Etymology

From Middle English acros, acrosse, equivalent to a- +? cross. Compare also Middle English acrois, a-croiz, acreoiz, from Anglo-Norman an (“in, on”) + croiz (“in the form of a cross”). More at cross.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ?-kr?s?, IPA^(key): /??k??s/
• (General American) enPR: ?-krôs?, IPA^(key): /??k??s/
• (cot–caught merger, Canada) enPR: ?-kr?s?, IPA^(key): /??k??s/
• Rhymes: -?s, -??s
• Hyphenation: across

Preposition

across

1. To, toward, or from the far side of (something that lies between two points of interest).

2. On the opposite side of (something that lies between two points of interest).

3. (Southern US, African-American Vernacular) across from: on the opposite side, relative to something that lies between, from (a point of interest).
   • 1994 June 21, Thong P Tong <[email protected]>, "Re: Battle Tech Center", message-ID <[email protected]>, comp.sys.ibm.pc.games, Usenet [1]:

     And make sure you're parked across the mall in the outside lot. […] Last time I was there, I parked in a parking structure and paid an arm and a leg for it.

   • 1995, Ronald Kessler, Inside the White House, 1996 edition, ?ISBN, page 243 [2]:

     On another occasion, Clinton asked Patterson to drive him to Chelsea's school, Booker Elementary, where Clinton met the department store clerk and climbed into her car.

     "I parked across the entrance and stood outside the car looking around, about 120 feet from where they were parked in a lot that was pretty well lit," Patterson recalled. " […] They stayed in the car for thirty to forty minutes."

   • 2011, Danielle Butler, Scars of Eternity, p. 30:

     A boy that sat across me politely introduced himself as Jackson Klausner.

4. From one side to the other within (a space being traversed).
5. At or near the far end of (a space).
   • 2004, Josephine Cox, Lovers and Liars, ?ISBN, page 78 [3]:

     "Mam's baking and Cathleen's asleep. I've got a pile of washing bubbling in the copper, so I'd best be off." With that she was across the room and out the door.

6. Spanning.

7. Throughout.
8. So as to intersect or pass through or over at an angle.
   • 2010, Alex Bledsoe, The Girls with Games of Blood, Tor, ?ISBN, page 147 [4]:

     He parked across the end of the driveway, blocking her in.

9. In possession of full, up-to-date information about; abreast of.
   • 2019, Lenore Taylor, The Guardian, 20 September:

     As a regular news reader I thought I was across the eccentricities of the US president.

Derived terms

Related terms

• cross

Translations

Adverb

across (not comparable)

1. From one side to the other.

2. On the other side.

3. In a particular direction.

4. (crosswords) Horizontally.

Translations

Noun

across (plural acrosses)

1. (crosswords, often in combination) A word that runs horizontally in the completed puzzle grid or its associated clue.

   I solved all of the acrosses, but then got stuck on 3 down.

Further reading

• across in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• across in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• across at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• Oscars, ROSCAs, Rascos, caross, oscars