different between overcast vs over
overcast
English
Etymology
From Middle English overcasten, equivalent to over- +? cast. Compare Swedish överkasta.
Pronunciation
- Adjective and noun
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ??v?-käst', IPA(key): /???v??k??st/
- (General American) enPR: ??v?r-k?st', IPA(key): /?o?v?.kæst/
- Verb
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ?'v?-käst?, IPA(key): /???v??k??st/
- (General American) enPR: ?'v?r-k?st?, IPA(key): /?o?v??kæst/
- Rhymes: -??st
Noun
overcast (plural overcasts)
- (obsolete) An outcast.
- A cloud covering all of the sky from horizon to horizon; cloudy.
Adjective
overcast (comparative more overcast, superlative most overcast)
- Covered with clouds; overshadowed; darkened; (meteorology) more than 90% covered by clouds.
- (figuratively) In a state of depression; gloomy; melancholy.
Translations
Verb
overcast (third-person singular simple present overcasts, present participle overcasting, simple past and past participle overcast)
- (transitive, obsolete) To overthrow.
- (transitive) To cover with cloud; to overshadow; to darken.
- (transitive) To make gloomy; to depress.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To be or become cloudy.
- (transitive, obsolete) To transform.
- (transitive, bookbinding) To fasten (sheets) by overcast stitching or by folding one edge over another.
Translations
References
- overcast in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- overcast in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Anagrams
- overacts
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over
English
Alternative forms
- o'er (adverb, preposition)
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /???.v?(?)/
- (US) enPR: ?'v?r, IPA(key): /?o?.v?/
- Rhymes: -??v?(?)
- Hyphenation: o?ver
Etymology 1
From Middle English over, from Old English ofer, from Proto-Germanic *uber (“over”), from Proto-Indo-European *upér, a comparative form of *upo; akin to Dutch over, German ober, über, Danish over, Norwegian over, Swedish över, Icelandic yfir, Faroese yvir, Gothic ???????????????? (ufar), Latin super, Ancient Greek ???? (hupér), Albanian upri (“group of peasants”), Sanskrit ???? (upári).
Adjective
over (not comparable)
- Discontinued; ended or concluded.
- The show is over.
Usage notes
Not normally used attributively (before a noun). (Attributive use occurs rarely in informal language, e.g. "an over relationship".)
Derived terms
- game over
- overness
Translations
Adverb
over (not comparable)
- Thoroughly; completely; from beginning to end.
- 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond
- During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]
- 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond
- (often in compounds) To an excessive degree; overly.
- I'm not over-enthusiastic about this.
- From an upright position to a horizontal one.
- Horizontally; left to right or right to left.
- From one side of something to another, passing above it.
- From one position or state to another.
- Overnight (throughout the night).
- (US, usually with do) Again; another time; once more; over again.
Derived terms
- leftover
Translations
Noun
over (plural overs)
- (cricket) A set of six legal balls bowled.
- Any surplus amount of money, goods delivered, etc.
- 2008, G. Puttick, Sandy van Esch, The Principles and Practice of Auditing (page 609)
- […] standard cash count forms used to record the count and any overs or unders.
- 2008, G. Puttick, Sandy van Esch, The Principles and Practice of Auditing (page 609)
Translations
Preposition
over
- Expressing spatial relationship.
- On top of; above; higher than; further up.
- Over them gleamed far off the crimson banners of morning.
- Across or spanning.
- 1918, Dora Sigerson Shorter, Sick I Am and Sorrowful
- If I saw the wild geese fly over the dark lakes of Kerry...
- 1918, Dora Sigerson Shorter, Sick I Am and Sorrowful
- In such a way as to cover.
- From one physical position to another via an obstacle that must be traversed vertically, first upwards and then downwards.
- On top of; above; higher than; further up.
- Expressing comparison.
- More than; to a greater degree.
- Beyond; past; exceeding; too much or too far.
- (in certain collocations) As compared to.
- More than; to a greater degree.
- Indicating relative status, authority, or power
- The owner's son lorded it over the experienced managers.
- The prince ruled over a portion of the kingdom.
- (mathematics) Divided by.
- (poker) Separates the three of a kind from the pair in a full house.
- 9?9?9?6?6? = nines over sixes
- Finished with; done with; from one state to another via a hindrance that must be solved or defeated; or via a third state that represents a significant difference from the first two.
- While using, especially while consuming.
- 1990, Seymour Chatman, Coming to Terms, Cornell, ?ISBN, page 100[2]:
- Six diners in business clothes—five attractive young women and a balding middle-aged man—relax over cigarettes.
- 1998, Marian Swerdlow, Underground Woman, Temple, ?ISBN, page 88 [3]:
- Sunday had been my favorite day at Woodlawn. A long W.A.A. [="work as assigned" period], having coffee and croissants with Mark over the Sunday Times.
- 2009, Sara Pennypacker, The Great Egyptian Grave Robbery, Scholastic, ?ISBN, page 79:
- Over meatloaf and mashed potatoes (being careful not to talk with his mouth full), Stanley told about his adventure.
- 1990, Seymour Chatman, Coming to Terms, Cornell, ?ISBN, page 100[2]:
- Concerning or regarding.
- Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of; notwithstanding.
Usage notes
When used in the context of "from one location to another", over implies that the two places are at approximately the same height or the height difference is not relevant. For example, if two offices are on the same floor of a building, an office worker might say I'll bring that over for you, while if the offices were on different floors, the sentence would likely be I'll bring that up [down] for you. However, distances are not constrained, e.g. He came over from England last year and now lives in Los Angeles or I moved the stapler over to the other side of my desk.
Derived terms
- ride roughshod over
Translations
Interjection
over
- (procedure word, military) A radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and is expecting a response.
- Bravo Six, this is Bravo Six Four. Stand by for ten mike report one dash three, over.
- Bravo Six Four, this is Bravo Six Actual. Send your traffic, over.
- How do you receive? Over!
Coordinate terms
- out
Derived terms
- over and out
Translations
Verb
over (third-person singular simple present overs, present participle overing, simple past and past participle overed)
- (Britain, transitive, dialect, obsolete) To go over, or jump over.
- He overed the fence in good style.
- (Britain, intransitive, dialect, obsolete) To run about.
- The cattle have been overing all day because of the flies.
Related terms
References
- Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The semantic network for over", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
Etymology 2
From Middle English over (“riverbank, seashore, brink”), from Old English ?fer (“riverbank, seashore, brink, edge, margin, border”), from Proto-Germanic *?feraz. Cognate with Dutch oever (“riverbank, shore”), German Ufer (“shore, shoreline, riverbank”), Low German Över (“shore, riverbank”).
Noun
over (plural overs)
- (rare, dialectal or obsolete) A shore, riverbank.
- 1338, Robert Mannyng, Mannyng's Chronicle
- Cassibola was ready at Dover, & renged (encamped) his men by the over.
- 1338, Robert Mannyng, Mannyng's Chronicle
Usage notes
Now mostly found in place names, as in Westover or Overton, Hampshire (a town built on the River Test). Fell out of use in the 16th century.
References
- A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
- The Middle English Dictionary
Anagrams
- -vore, Vore, rove, vore
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old Norse yfir.
Preposition
over
- above
- past an hour
Etymology 2
From Old Norse ofar.
Adverb
over
- across
- asunder; in two
Etymology 3
Shortening of overkrydder.
Noun
over c (singular definite overen, plural indefinite overe)
- (informal) The upper curved portion of a roll or a similar food.
- Jeg foretrækker overen.
- I prefer the top slice.
- Jeg foretrækker overen.
Inflection
Antonyms
- under
Derived terms
- overkrydder
Etymology 4
Borrowed from English over.
Noun
over c (singular definite overen, plural indefinite overe or overs)
- (cricket) A set of six legal balls bowled, an over.
Inflection
References
- “over” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “over,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “over,3” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “over,4” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch ?ver, from Old Dutch *ovar, from Proto-Germanic *uber, from Proto-Indo-European *upér, from *upo. Compare German ober, English over.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?o?.v?r/
- Hyphenation: over
- Rhymes: -o?v?r
Adverb
over
- over, above
- (postpositional) over (implying motion)
- Kijk uit, er steekt een hond de straat over.
- Look out, a dog is crossing over the street.
- Kijk uit, er steekt een hond de straat over.
- remaining, left over
- Na het feest was er bijna geen eten meer over.
- After the party there was barely any food remaining.
- Na het feest was er bijna geen eten meer over.
- passing by, going away
- De pijn gaat weer over.
- The pain is going away again.
- De pijn gaat weer over.
- Denotes an imitative action, again, once again,
- Ik schrijf je brief over.
- I will transcribe your letter.
- Ik schrijf je brief over.
Antonyms
- (over): onder
Derived terms
Related terms
- over-
Descendants
- ? Indonesian: oper
Preposition
over
- over
- about, concerning
Inflection
Derived terms
- overheen
Descendants
- Afrikaans: oor
Anagrams
- rove, Voer, voer
Latin
Verb
over
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive of ov?
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch over, from Proto-Germanic *uber.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /???v?r/
Preposition
?ver
- over, above
- Antonym: onder
- across
- towards
- during
- ago, some duration in the past
- after, following (a duration)
- about, concerning
- due to, because of
Descendants
- Dutch: over
- ? Indonesian: oper
- Limburgish: euver
Adverb
?ver
- over
- across, on the other side
- plenty, more than enough
- used up, finished
- once again
Descendants
- Dutch: over
- Limburgish: euver
Further reading
- “over (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “over (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “over (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I
Middle English
Alternative forms
- ouver, ower, ove
- ofer, offr (early)
Etymology
From Old English ofer, from Proto-West Germanic *obar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /???v?r/, /??v?r/
Preposition
over
- above
Descendants
- English: over
- Yola: ower, oer
References
- “??ver, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon ovar, from Proto-West Germanic *obar, from Proto-Germanic *uber, and Old Saxon *uvir from Proto-Germanic *ubiri.
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ?² or ?¹ or ?²
- (originally) IPA(key): /??v?r/, /??v?r/, /?œv?r/
Preposition
?ver or ?ver
- (accusative) across, moving through or over something
- over dat rode mêr - across the Red Sea
- (accusative) across, moving to the other side of something
- (accusative) in, across, describing the spread of something
- over alle lant - all across the lands / in every land
- (dative) across, situated on the other side of
- over deme watere - across the water
- (dative) while, over the duration of
- over deme werke begripen - while working on something
- (dative) over, at, on, on top of, describing where something is situated; does not mean above
- over deme dische - at the table
Usage notes
It is not clear whether the umlaut was connected with semantic differences.
Alternative forms
- aver
Antonyms
- (over): under
Adverb
?ver or ?ver
- across, on the other side
- while
- on top of, additionally
- over (finished, ceased)
Usage notes
It is not clear whether the umlaut was connected with semantic differences.
Alternative forms
- aver
Antonyms
- (over): under
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse yfir
Pronunciation
Preposition
over
- above
- past
- over; more than
Adverb
over
- over
- across
Derived terms
References
- “over” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse yfir
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?o???r/, /?o???r/
Preposition
over
- above
- past
- over; more than
Adverb
over
- over
- across
Derived terms
References
- “over” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Zazaki
Pronoun
over
- opposite
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