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fear

English

Pronunciation

  • (General Australian, Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /f??/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /f??/, /f??/
  • Rhymes: -??(?)

Etymology 1

From Middle English feer, fere, fer, from Old English f?r, ?ef?r (calamity, sudden danger, peril, sudden attack, terrible sight), from Proto-Germanic *f?r?, *f?r? (danger), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (to attempt, try, research, risk). Cognate with Dutch gevaar (danger, risk, peril), German Gefahr (danger, risk, hazard), Swedish fara (danger, risk, peril), Latin per?culum (danger, risk, trial), Albanian frikë (fear, danger), Romanian fric?.

The verb is from Middle English feren, from Old English f?ran (to frighten, raven), from the noun. Cognate with the archaic Dutch verb varen (to fear; to cause fear).

Noun

fear (countable and uncountable, plural fears)

  1. (uncountable) A strong, uncontrollable, unpleasant emotion or feeling caused by actual or perceived danger or threat.
    • Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her way through blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervating fear.
  2. (countable) A phobia, a sense of fear induced by something or someone.
    • Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. The clear light of the bright autumn morning had no terrors for youth and health like hers.
  3. (uncountable) Terrified veneration or reverence, particularly towards God, gods, or sovereigns.
    • 1611, Bible (KJV), Psalm CXI, verse 10:
      The feare of the Lord is the beginning of wisedome.
    • 1846, J. Ruskin, Modern Painters, volume II, page 121:
      That sacred dread of all offence to him, which is called the Fear of God.
Synonyms
  • (an emotion caused by actual or perceived danger; a sense of fear induced by something or someone): See Thesaurus:fear
  • (terrified veneration): dread
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

fear (third-person singular simple present fears, present participle fearing, simple past and past participle feared)

  1. (transitive) To feel fear about (something or someone); to be afraid of; to consider or expect with alarm.
    • c. 1589, William Shakespeare, The Comedy of Errors, Act I, Scene 2,[2]
      I greatly fear my money is not safe.
    • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Matthew 10:28,[3]
      And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.
    • At twilight in the summer there is never anybody to fear—man, woman, or cat—in the chambers and at that hour the mice come out. They do not eat parchment or foolscap or red tape, but they eat the luncheon crumbs.
  2. (intransitive) To feel fear (about something).
    • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Luke 12:32,[4]
      Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom.
  3. (intransitive, used with for) To worry about, to feel concern for, to be afraid for.
  4. (transitive) To venerate; to feel awe towards.
  5. (transitive) To regret.
  6. (obsolete, transitive) To cause fear to; to frighten.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, London: William Ponsonbie, Book III, Canto IV, p. 448,[5]
      Ythrild with deepe disdaine of his proud threat,
      She shortly thus; Fly they, that need to fly;
      Wordes fearen babes.
    • c. 1593, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew, Act I, Scene 2,[6]
      Tush, tush! fear boys with bugs.
  7. (obsolete, transitive) To be anxious or solicitous for.
    • 1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, London: William Jones,[7]
      Fearst thou thy person? thou shalt haue a guard:
    • c. 1596, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act III, Scene 5,[8]
      The sins of the father are to be laid upon the children: therefore, I promise ye, I fear you.
  8. (obsolete, transitive) To suspect; to doubt.
    • c. 1590, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 2, Act I, Scene 4,[9]
      Fear you not her courage?
Synonyms
  • (feel fear about (something)): be afraid of, be frightened of, be scared of, be terrorised/terrorized
  • (venerate; to feel awe towards): be in awe of, revere, venerate
Antonyms
  • (venerate; to feel awe towards): belittle, contemn
Derived terms
  • God-fearing
  • never fear
Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English fere, feore, from Old English f?re (able to go, fit for service), from Proto-Germanic *f?riz (passable), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (to put across, ferry). Cognate with Scots fere, feir (well, active, sound), Middle High German gevüere (able, capable, fit, serviceable), Swedish för (capable, able, stout), Icelandic færr (able). Related to fare.

Adjective

fear (comparative more fear, superlative most fear)

  1. (dialectal) Able; capable; stout; strong; sound.
Alternative forms
  • feer

Anagrams

  • FERA, Fera, Rafe, fare, reaf

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /f?a??/
  • (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /f?æ??/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish fer, from Proto-Celtic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognate with Welsh g?r, Breton gour, Cornish gour, Gaulish viros, Latin vir, and Old English wer.

Noun

fear m (genitive singular fir, nominative plural fir)

  1. man (adult male)
  2. husband, male spouse
Declension
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish feraid, from Old Irish feraid.

Verb

fear (present analytic fearann, future analytic fearfaidh, verbal noun fearadh, past participle feartha)

  1. (transitive) grant, provide
  2. (transitive) pour out, give forth, shed
  3. (transitive) wage
  4. (transitive) perform, execute; hold, observe
  5. (transitive) affect; benefit
  6. (transitive) excrete
Conjugation

Mutation

Further reading

  • "fear" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 fer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  • Tomás de Bhaldraithe, 1977, Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht, 2nd edition, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, section 5 and page 339.
  • Entries containing “fear” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “fear” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Scots

Noun

fear (plural fears)

  1. fear

Verb

fear (third-person singular present fears, present participle fearin, past feart, past participle feart)

  1. to fear
  2. to frighten, scare

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish fer, from Proto-Celtic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /f??/

Noun

fear m (genitive singular fir, plural fir)

  1. man
  2. husband, male spouse

Declension

First declension; forms with the definite article:

Derived terms

Pronoun

fear (genitive fir)

  1. somebody, something, one

Usage notes

  • Used when referring to a singular masculine subject.
  • For feminine subjects is used. Alternatively, neach can be used for either gender.
  • In the plural feadhainn is used for both genders.

Derived terms

  • feareigin
  • fear mu seach

Mutation

See also

  • bean

Further reading

  • Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 fer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

West Frisian

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian fethere, from Proto-West Germanic *feþru, from Proto-Germanic *feþr?, from Proto-Indo-European *péth?r?. Cognate with English feather, Greek ????? (fteró, wing, feather), Latin penna (wing, feather) and Irish éan (bird)

Noun

fear c (plural fearren, diminutive fearke)

  1. feather
  2. spring (mechanical device)
Further reading
  • “fear (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *farj?. Cognate with Dutch veer, English ferry.

Noun

fear n (plural fearen)

  1. ferry
Further reading
  • “fear (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Etymology 3

From Old Frisian *farn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn.

Noun

fear c (plural fearen)

  1. fern
Further reading
  • “fear (III)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Etymology 4

From Old Frisian *farch, from Proto-Germanic *farhaz. Cognate with English farrow.

Adjective

fear

  1. farrow
Inflection
Further reading
  • “fear (V)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

fear From the web:

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