different between nahuatl vs bog

Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms

• nauatl (obsolete spelling)

Etymology

Unknown.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?na?.wat??]

Noun

n?huatl (inanimate)

1. (it is) something having a clear and pleasant sound.
   • 1555: Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 47r.

     Claro en ?onido. tzilictic. nauatl.

     Having a clear sound. tzilictic. nauatl.

   • 1571: Idem, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 63v. col. 2.

     Nauatl. co?a que ?uena bien,a?i como campana / &c.o hombre ladino.

     Nauatl. something producing a pleasant sound; like a bell, etc. or, also. a sly man.

Derived terms

• n?huatlahtoa
• n?huatlaht?lli

Descendants

• ? Spanish: nahua, náhuatl
  • ? English: Nahuatl

References

• Alonso de Molina (1571) Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Editorial Porrúa, pages 63v
• Rémi Siméon (1885) Diccionario de la lengua náhuatl o mexicana, Siglo Veintiuno Editores, page 303

Czech

Alternative forms

• náhuatl

Noun

nahuatl m

1. Nahuatl, Aztec (language)

Synonyms

• azté?tina f

Finnish

Noun

nahuatl

1. The Nahuatl language.

Declension

Derived terms

• nahuatlinkielinen

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na.?atl/, /na.watl/

Noun

nahuatl m (uncountable)

1. Nahuatl (language)

Adjective

nahuatl (feminine singular nahuatle, masculine plural nahuatls, feminine plural nahuatles)

1. Nahuatl

Further reading

• “nahuatl” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Etymology

From Spanish náhuatl, from Classical Nahuatl n?huatl.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na?watl/

Noun

nahuatl m (uncountable)

1. Nahuatl (language)

   Synonym: azteco

Adjective

nahuatl m or f (invariable)

1. Nahuatl

References

• nahuatl in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Portuguese

Noun

nahuatl m (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of nauatle

Noun

nahuatl m, f (plural nahuatl)

1. Alternative form of nauatle

Swedish

Noun

nahuatl ?

1. Nahuatl (language)

English

Pronunciation

• (General American): enPR: bôg, IPA^(key): /b??/
  • (cot-caught merger) enPR: bäg, IPA^(key): /b??/
• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: b?g, IPA^(key): /b??/
• Rhymes: -??

Etymology 1

From Middle English bog, from Irish and Scottish Gaelic bogach (“soft, boggy ground”), from Old Irish bog (“soft”), from Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft, tender”) + Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-?kos.

The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair (“bulrush, bogrush”).

Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes, but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse (“outhouse, privy”), which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog, still used in Australian English. The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity.

Noun

bog (plural bogs)

1. (Originally Ireland and Scotland) An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking; a marsh or swamp.
   • a. 1513, William Dunbar, Poems:

     ...Chassand cattell throu a bog...

   • c. 1599, William Shakespeare, The Chronicle History of Henry the Fift, Act III, Scene vii, l. 56:

     They that ride so... fall into foule Boggs.

   • 1612, John Speed, The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine, Vol. IV, Ch. iv, p. 143:

     Certaine... places [in Ireland]... which of their softnes are vsually tearmed Boghes.
2. (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
   • 1614, John King, Vitis Palatina, p. 30:

     ...quagmires and bogges of Romish superstition...

   • a. 1796, Robert Burns, Poems & Songs, Vol. I:

     Last day my mind was in a bog.

   • 1841, Charles Dickens, Barnaby Rudge, Ch. lxxii, p. 358:

     He wandered out again, in a perfect bog of uncertainty.

3. (uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.
   • a. 1687, William Petty, Political Arithmetick:

     Bog may by draining be made Meadow.

4. (Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.
   • 1665, Richard Head & al., The English Rogue Described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, Vol. I:

     Fearing I should catch cold, they out of pity covered me warm in a Bogg-house.

   • a. 1789, in 1789, Verses to John Howard F.R.S. on His State of Prisons and Lazarettos, p. 181:

     ...That no dirt... be thrown out of any window, or down the bogs...

   • 1864, J.C. Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, p. 79:

     Bog, or bog-house, a privy as distinguished from a water-closet.

   • 1959, William Golding, Free Fall, Ch. i, p. 23:

     Our lodger had our upstairs, use of the stove, our tap, and our bog.

5. (Australia and New Zealand, slang) An act or instance of defecation.
6. (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.

Alternative forms

• (wet spongy areas or ground): bogg, bogge, boghe (all obsolete)

Synonyms

• (wet spongy areas or ground): bogland, bogmire, fen, marsh, marshland, mire, morass, peat bog, slough, swamp, swampland, quagmire, wetlands; moss (Scottish); pakihi (NZ); muskeg (Canadian)
• (any place or thing that impedes progress): mire, quagmire
• (toilet): See also Thesaurus:toilet and Thesaurus:bathroom

Hyponyms

• (small marsh): boglet

Derived terms

Related terms

• (like a marsh): boggy, boggish
• (marshy quality): bogginess
• (to create a marsh): boggify

Translations

See also

• bog standard

Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

1. (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland.
   • 1928, American Dialect Society, American Speech, Vol. IV, p. 132:

     To be 'bogged down' or 'mired down' is to be mired, generally in the 'wet valleys' in the spring.

2. (figuratively) To prevent or slow someone or something from making progress.
   • 1605, Ben Jonson, Seianus His Fall, Act IV, Scene i, l. 217:

     […] Bogg'd in his filthy Lusts […]

   • 1641, John Milton, Animadversions, p. 58:

     […] whose profession to forsake the World... bogs them deeper into the world.

3. (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland.
   • a. 1800, The Trials of James, Duncan, and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy, p. 120:

     Duncan Graham in Gartmore his horse bogged; that the deponent helped some others to take the horse out of the bogg.

4. (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.
5. (intransitive, originally vulgar Britain, now chiefly Australia) To defecate, to void one's bowels.
6. (transitive, originally vulgar Britain, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with excrement.
7. (transitive, Britain, informal) To make a mess of something.

Alternative forms

• bogg, bogue (both obsolete)

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

See bug

Noun

bog (plural bogs)

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror.

Alternative forms

• bogge; see also bug

Derived terms

• take bog

Etymology 3

Of uncertain etymology, although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up".

Alternative forms

• (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire)

Adjective

bog (comparative bogger, superlative boggest)

1. (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud.
   • 1592, William Warner, Albions England, Vol. VII, Ch. xxxvii, p. 167:

     The Cuckooe, seeing him so bog, waxt also wondrous wroth.

   • 1691, John Ray, South and East Country Words, p. 90:

     Bogge, bold, forward, sawcy. So we say, a very bog Fellow.

Derived terms

• boggish, boggishly

Noun

bog (plural bogs)

1. (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness.
   • 1839, Charles Clark, "John Noakes and Mary Styles", l. 3:

     Their bog it nuver ceases.

Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug.
   • 1546 in 1852, State Papers King Henry the Eighth, Vol. XI, p. 163:

     If you had not written to me... we had broke now, the Frenchmen bogged us so often with departing.

   • 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154:

     A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym.

Etymology 4

From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]").

Verb

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

1. (euphemistic, slang, Britain, usually with "off") To go away.

Derived terms

• bog off

References

Anagrams

• gob

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b????/, [?b???w], [?b??w?]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse bók (“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *b?ks, from Proto-Indo-European *b?eh??os (“beech”).

Noun

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bøger)

1. book

Inflection

Derived terms

• ordbog c
• salmebog c
• årbog c

Etymology 2

Maybe from Middle Low German b?k.

Noun

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bog)

1. beech mast

Inflection

Related terms

• bogfinke c
• boghvede c

Further reading

• bog on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da
• Bog (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da
• Bog (bøgens nødder) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

French

Noun

bog m (plural bogs)

1. (ecology) An ombrotrophic peatland.

Antonyms

• fen

Further reading

• “bog” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bo?k]

Verb

bog

1. past tense of biegen

Hungarian

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *po?ka (“knot, knob, protuberance, unevenness”). Cognates include Estonian pung.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?bo?]
• Rhymes: -o?

Noun

bog (plural bogok)

1. knot

Declension

Derived terms

• bogos
• bogoz

(Compound words):

• ág-bog

References

Further reading

• bog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN
• bog in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2021)

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish boc (“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”), from Proto-Celtic *buggos.

The verb is from Old Irish bocaid (“softens, makes soft; moves; shakes”), from the adjective.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /b???/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /b???/

Adjective

bog (genitive singular masculine boig, genitive singular feminine boige, plural boga, comparative boige)

1. soft; yielding; tender; (of physical condition) flabby; (of disposition) indulgent, lenient, soft, foolish; (of living, conduct, etc.) easy; (of sound, voice) soft, mellow; (of weather) soft, wet; (of winter) mild, humid
2. loose
3. lukewarm

   Synonyms: alabhog, alathe, bogthe

Declension

Derived terms

Noun

bog m (genitive singular boig)

1. something soft
2. (anatomy, of ear) lobe

   Synonyms: liopa, maothán

Declension

Verb

bog (present analytic bogann, future analytic bogfaidh, verbal noun bogadh, past participle bogtha) (transitive, intransitive)

1. soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart)
2. move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock

Conjugation

Derived terms

• casacht a bhogadh (“to loosen a cough”)

Mutation

References

• "bog" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “bocaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bog?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [b?k]
• Homophones: Bog, bok

Noun

bog m (feminine equivalent bogowka)

1. god

Declension

Derived terms

• bóžy (“godly, divine”)

Further reading

• bog in Ernst Muka/Mucke (St. Petersburg and Prague 1911–28): S?ownik dolnoserbskeje r?cy a jeje nar?cow / Wörterbuch der nieder-wendischen Sprache und ihrer Dialekte. Reprinted 2008, Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
• bog in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski s?ownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse bógr, from Germanic

Noun

bog m (definite singular bogen, indefinite plural boger, definite plural bogene)

1. shoulder (of an animal)

References

• “bog” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “bog” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *b?guz, from Proto-Indo-European *b?eh???ús.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bu??/

Noun

bog m (definite singular bogen, indefinite plural bogar or bøger, definite plural bogane or bøgene)

1. shoulder (of an animal)

References

• “bog” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Alternative forms

• b?h

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *b?guz. Cognate with Old Saxon b?g, Dutch boeg (“shoulders, chest of a horse”), Old High German buog (German Bug (“horse’s hock, ship’s prow”)), Old Norse bógr (Icelandic bógur, Swedish bog (“shoulder”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bo??/, [bo??]

Noun

b?g m

1. a branch or bough of a tree
2. the arm or shoulder

Declension

Descendants

• English: bough
• Scots: beuch

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish boc (“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [b?o??]

Adjective

bog (comparative buige)

1. soft
2. wet, damp, moist

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

References

• “bog” in Edward Dwelly, Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic–English Dictionary, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 1911, ?ISBN.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bog?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bô??/

Noun

b?g m (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. god, deity
2. (colloquial) idol, god

Declension

Derived terms

• b?govsk? / bogòvsk?
• božànstvo
• b?žj?

Related terms

• B?g
• bògat

Slavomolisano

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian bog.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bô??/

Noun

bog m

1. god

Declension

References

• Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale)., pp. 394

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bog?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bó?k/

Noun

b??g m anim (female equivalent bogínja)

1. god

Inflection

Further reading

• “bog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish b?gher, from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *b?guz, from Proto-Indo-European *b????us.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bu??/

Noun

bog c

1. shoulder (of an animal)
2. bow (front of boat or ship)

Declension