different between gage vs gouge

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e?d??/
• Rhymes: -e?d?
• Homophone: gauge

Etymology 1

From Middle English gage, from later Old French or early Middle French gager (verb), (also guagier in Old French) gage (noun), ultimately from Frankish *waddi, from Proto-Germanic *wadj? (whence English wed). Doublet of wage, from the same origin through the Old Northern French variant wage. See also mortgage.

Verb

gage (third-person singular simple present gages, present participle gaging, simple past and past participle gaged)

1. (obsolete) To give or deposit as a pledge or security; to pawn.
2. (archaic) To wager, to bet.
   • c. 1626, John Ford 'Tis Pity She's a Whore

     This feast, I'll gage my life, / Is but a plot to train you to your ruin.

3. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.

Noun

gage (plural gages)

1. Something, such as a glove or other pledge, thrown down as a challenge to combat (now usually figurative).
   • 1819, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe:

     “But it is enough that I challenge the trial by combat — there lies my gage.” She took her embroidered glove from her hand, and flung it down before the Grand Master with an air of mingled simplicity and dignity…

   • 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry for Freedom, Oxford 2003, page 166:

     The gage was down for a duel that would split the Democratic party and ensure the election of a Republican president in 1860.

2. (obsolete) Something valuable deposited as a guarantee or pledge; security, ransom.
   • 1886, Henry James, The Princess Casamassima.

     [I]t seemed to create a sort of material link between the Princess and himself, and at the end of three months it almost appeared to him, not that the exquisite book was an intended present from his own hand, but that it had been placed in that hand by the most remarkable woman in Europe.... [T]he superior piece of work he had done after seeing her last, in the immediate heat of his emotion, turned into a kind of proof and gage, as if a ghost, in vanishing from sight, had left a palpable relic.

Translations

Etymology 2

See gauge.

Noun

gage (plural gages)

1. US alternative spelling of gauge (a measure, instrument for measuring, etc.)

Verb

gage (third-person singular simple present gages, present participle gaging, simple past and past participle gaged)

1. (US) Alternative spelling of gauge (to measure)

Usage notes

The spelling gage is encountered primarily in American English, but even there it is less common than the spelling gauge.

Translations

Etymology 3

Back-formation from greengage.

Noun

gage (plural gages)

1. A subspecies of plum, Prunus domestica subsp. italica.

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 4

Noun

gage

1. (obsolete, Britain, thieves' cant) A quart pot. [15th–19th c.]
2. (archaic, Britain, slang) A pint pot. [18th–19th c.c.]
3. (archaic, Britain, slang, metonymically) A drink. [from 19th c.]
4. (archaic, Britain, slang) A tobacco pipe. [mid 17th–early 19th c.]
5. (archaic, Britain, slang) A chamberpot. [19th c.]
6. (archaic, Britain, slang) A small quantity of anything. [19th c.]
7. (slang, dated) Marijuana

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French gage.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??a?.??/

• Hyphenation: ga?ge
• Rhymes: -a???

Noun

gage m (plural gages)

1. wage for work performed (in particular for a performance by performing artists)

Related terms

• engageren

Descendants

• ? Malay: gaji
  • Indonesian: gaji

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?a?/
• Rhymes: -a?
• Homophones: gagent, gages

Etymology 1

From Middle French gage, from Old French gage, guage, from Frankish *wadd?.

Noun

gage m (plural gages)

1. pledge, guarantee
2. (law, finance) deposit, security, guaranty (guarantee that debt will be paid; property relinquished to ensure this)
3. forfeit (something deposited as part of a game)
4. proof, evidence, assurance
5. (in the plural) wages, salary

Derived terms

• tueur à gages

Related terms

• gager

Descendants

• ? Dutch: gage
• ? German: Gage (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

Verb

gage

1. first-person singular present indicative of gager
2. third-person singular present indicative of gager
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of gager
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of gager
5. second-person singular present imperative of gager

Further reading

• “gage” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

gage (plural gages)

1. Alternative form of cage

Etymology 2

Noun

gage

1. Alternative form of gauge

Etymology 3

From Old French gage, from Medieval Latin wadium, from Frankish *wadd?. Doublet of wage and wed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??a?d?(?)/

Noun

gage

1. A security, surety, or bond.
2. A formal declaration of combat.
3. (rare) Money for the release of a hostage .

Descendants

• English: gage

References

• “g??e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-22.

Old French

Alternative forms

• guage, gaige, wage

Etymology

From Medieval Latin wadium (“pledge, legal contract, wage”), from Frankish *wadd?.

Noun

gage m (oblique plural gages, nominative singular gages, nominative plural gage)

1. wage (regular remuneration)
2. (figuratively) payment

Descendants

• Middle French: gage
  • French: gage
• ? Middle English: gage
  • English: gage

English

Etymology

From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbi?, from Proto-Celtic *gulb?, *gulbi, *gulb?nos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).

The verb is derived from the noun.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?a?d?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?a?d?/
• Rhymes: -a?d??

Noun

gouge (countable and uncountable, plural gouges)

1. Senses relating to cutting tools.
   1. A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc.
   2. A bookbinder's tool with a curved face, used for blind tooling or gilding.
   3. An incising tool that cuts blanks or forms for envelopes, gloves, etc., from leather, paper, or other materials.
2. A cut or groove, as left by a gouge or something sharp.
3. (originally US, colloquial) An act of gouging.
4. (slang) A cheat, a fraud; an imposition.

   Synonym: swindle

5. (slang) An impostor.
6. (mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein of ore.
7. (US, military, slang, uncountable) Information.
   • 2005, Jay A. Stout, To Be a U.S. Naval Aviator (page 63)

     As all naval aviators have learned at one time or another in their careers, “There's plenty of bad gouge out there," and it has, does, and will get the unwary fliers in trouble.

   • 2013, Douglas Waller, Air Warriors: The Inside Story of the Making of a Navy Pilot (page 89)

     The Marines and “Coasties” (the nickname for Coast Guard students) were reputed to have good gouge on each class's test. Rumor had it that the Marines had inside information on the questions for the next day's FRR test, […]

Derived terms

• fault gouge
• gouge bit

Translations

Verb

gouge (third-person singular simple present gouges, present participle gouging, simple past and past participle gouged)

1. (transitive) To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge.

   Synonyms: engrave, grave, incise
2. (transitive) To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price.

   Synonyms: defraud, swindle
3. (transitive, intransitive) To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket.
4. (intransitive) To use a gouge.

Derived terms

• gouger
• gouging (noun)
• price gouging
• regouge

Translations

References

Further reading

• chisel – gouge on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• gouge (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “gouge”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

French

Etymology

Old French gouge, from Latin gulbia (Late Latin gubia), of Gaulish or Basque origins.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u?/
• Rhymes: -u?

Noun

gouge f (plural gouges)

1. gouge (groove)
2. gouge (tool)
3. (obsolete) female servant
4. (archaic) prostitute
   • 1857, Charles Baudelaire, Bribes - Damnation,

     On peut les comparer encore à cette auberge, / Espoir des affamés, où cognent sur le tard, / Blessés, brisés, jurant, priant qu’on les héberge, / L’écolier, le prélat, la gouge et le soudard.

     They can also be compared to this inn, / Hope to the starved, where in the night knock, / Injured, broken, cursing, begging to be lodged, / The schoolboy, the prelate, the prostitute and the soldier.

Verb

gouge

1. first-person singular present indicative of gouger
2. third-person singular present indicative of gouger
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of gouger
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of gouger
5. second-person singular imperative of gouger

Further reading

• “gouge” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Old French

Etymology

From Late Latin gubia, from Latin gulbia.

Noun

gouge f (oblique plural gouges, nominative singular gouge, nominative plural gouges)

1. gouge (tool)
2. (chiefly derogatory) woman

Descendants

• English: gouge
• French: gouge

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (gouge, supplement)