different between expurgate vs prune

English

Etymology

From Latin expurg?tus, perfect passive participle of expurg? (“purge, cleanse, purify”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ks.p?.?e?t/

Verb

expurgate (third-person singular simple present expurgates, present participle expurgating, simple past and past participle expurgated)

1. (transitive) To edit out (incorrect, offensive, or otherwise undesirable information) from a book or other publication; to cleanse; to purge.

   The publisher decided to expurgate the love scene from the book, to make it more child-friendly.

2. (transitive) To undertake editing out incorrect, offensive, or otherwise undesirable information from (a book or other publication); to cleanse; to purge.

   The publisher decided to expurgate the book, which meant removing the love scene.

Derived terms

• expurgator
• expurgatory
• expurgatorious

Related terms

Translations

See also

• bowdlerise

Latin

Participle

exp?rg?te

1. vocative masculine singular of exp?rg?tus

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?u?n/
• Rhymes: -u?n

Etymology 1

From Middle English prune, from Old French prune, from Vulgar Latin *pr?na, feminine singular formed from the neutral plural of Latin pr?num, from Ancient Greek ??????? (proûnon), variant of ???????? (proûmnon, “plum”), a loanword from a language of Asia Minor. Doublet of plum.

Noun

prune (plural prunes)

1. (obsolete) A plum.
2. The dried, wrinkled fruit of certain species of plum.

   Hyponym: alubukhara

3. (slang) An old woman, especially a wrinkly one.

Verb

prune (third-person singular simple present prunes, present participle pruning, simple past and past participle pruned)

1. (intransitive, informal) To become wrinkled like a dried plum, as the fingers and toes do when kept submerged in water.
   • 2005, Alycia Ripley, Traveling with an Eggplant (page 111)

     I hardly left that spot in my pool that month even when my fingers pruned and chlorine dried out my skin.

Synonyms

• see Thesaurus:old woman

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

From Old French proignier (“to trim the feathers with the beak”), earlier prooignier, ultimately from Latin pro- ("front") + rotundus (“round”) 'to round-off the front'.

Verb

prune (third-person singular simple present prunes, present participle pruning, simple past and past participle pruned)

1. (transitive, horticulture) To remove excess material from a tree or shrub; to trim, especially to make more healthy or productive.

   A good grape grower will prune the vines once a year.
2. (transitive, figuratively) To cut down or shorten (by the removal of unnecessary material).

   to prune a budget, or an essay
3. (transitive, computer science) To remove unnecessary branches from a tree data structure.
4. (obsolete) To preen; to prepare; to dress.
   • 1676, John Dryden, All For Love, Epilogue.

     For 'tis observed of every scribbling man,

     He grows a fop as fast as e'er he can;

     Prunes up, and asks his oracle, the glass,

     If pink or purple best become his face.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Edmund Spenser to this entry?)

Derived terms

• pruning
• alpha-beta pruning ^en

Translations

Anagrams

• Perun, unrep

French

Etymology

From Old French prune, from Vulgar Latin *pr?na, feminine singular formed from the neutral plural of Latin pr?num, from Ancient Greek ???????? (proûmnon).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?yn/

Noun

prune f (plural prunes)

1. plum
2. (slang) ticket (“traffic citation”)

Derived terms

Further reading

• “prune” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Latin

Noun

pr?ne

1. vocative singular of pr?nus

Middle English

Alternative forms

• pruna

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French prune, from Vulgar Latin *pr?na, from Latin pr?num, from Ancient Greek ??????? (proûnon), ???????? (proûmnon). Doublet of plomme.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?priu?n(?)/

Noun

prune (plural prunes)

1. A plum (fruit of Prunus domestica)
2. A prune (dried plum)
3. (pathology) A large, rounded boil.

Descendants

• English: prune

References

• “pr?ne, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-05-26.

Old French

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *pr?na, feminine singular formed from the neutral plural of Latin pr?num.

Noun

prune f (oblique plural prunes, nominative singular prune, nominative plural prunes)

1. plum (fruit)

Descendants

• French: prune
• Norman: preune
• Walloon: pronne
• ? Middle English: prune, pruna
  • English: prune

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pru.ne/

Noun

prune

1. plural of prun?