different between bitter vs rough

bitter

English

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /?b?t?/, [?b?t??], (colloquially also) [?b???]
  • (General American) IPA(key): /?b?t??/, [?b???]
  • Hyphenation: bit?ter
  • Rhymes: -?t?(r)
  • Homophone: bidder (in some dialects)

Etymology 1

From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (bitter), from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (bitter), equivalent to bite +? -er (adjectival suffix). Compare Saterland Frisian bitter (bitter), West Frisian bitter (bitter), Dutch bitter (bitter), Low German bitter (bitter), German bitter (bitter), Swedish bitter (bitter), Icelandic bitur (bitter).

Adjective

bitter (comparative bitterer or more bitter, superlative bitterest or most bitter)

  1. Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).
    • Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth [].
    • 2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, Wired, "The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel":
      A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.
  2. Harsh, piercing or stinging.
    • 1999, Neil Gaiman, Stardust, p.31 (Perennial paperback edition)
      It was at the end of February, [] when the world was cold, and a bitter wind howled down the moors [].
  3. Hateful or hostile.
    • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
      He inveighed against the folly of making oneself liable for the debts of others; vented many bitter execrations against the brother; and concluded with wishing something could be done for the unfortunate family.
  4. Cynical and resentful.
Usage notes
  • The one-word comparative form bitterer and superlative form bitterest exist, but are less common than their two-word counterparts more bitter and most bitter.
Synonyms
  • (cynical and resentful): jaded
Antonyms
  • (cynical and resentful): optimistic
Derived terms
  • bitter pill to swallow
  • bittersome
Descendants
  • Sranan Tongo: bita
Translations
See also
  • bitter end

Noun

bitter (countable and uncountable, plural bitters)

  1. (usually in the plural bitters) A liquid or powder, made from bitter herbs, used in mixed drinks or as a tonic.
    • 1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer
      Thus I begin: "All is not gold that glitters,
      "Pleasure seems sweet, but proves a glass of bitters.
  2. A type of beer heavily flavored with hops.
  3. (nautical) A turn of a cable about the bitts.
Synonyms
  • (beer): English pale ale, EPA
Derived terms
  • brought up to a bitter
Translations

Verb

bitter (third-person singular simple present bitters, present participle bittering, simple past and past participle bittered)

  1. To make bitter.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Wolcott to this entry?)

Etymology 2

bit +? -er

Noun

bitter (plural bitters)

  1. (computing, informal, in combination) A hardware system whose architecture is based around units of the specified number of bits (binary digits).
    • 1983, Computerworld (volume 17, number 49, page 21)
      However, 16-bitters are far more expensive than the 8-bit variety. And, unfortunately, have only a handful of business applications software packages that really take advantage of them.
    • 1984, Electronic Business (volume 10, page 154)
      The company believes that the 32-bit market will almost equal that of 16-bitters by the end of the decade. Chip maker Zilog Inc., not a major player in the 16-bit arena, is even more bullish about 32-bitters as it readies its own version for market.

Danish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German bitter.

Adjective

bitter

  1. bitter (all meanings)
Inflection
Related terms
  • bitterhed
  • forbitret

Noun

bitter c (singular definite bitteren, plural indefinite bittere)

  1. bitter (the liquid used in drinks)
  2. A bitter form of an aquavit
Inflection

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bitter.

Noun

bitter c

  1. bitter (type of beer - only known generally in Denmark for a few years)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /?b?t?r/
  • Hyphenation: bit?ter
  • Rhymes: -?t?r

Adjective

bitter (comparative bitterder, superlative bitterst)

  1. bitter (having an acrid taste)
  2. bitter, embittered

Inflection

Derived terms

  • verbitteren

Related terms

  • verbitterd

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: bitter

See also

  • (tastes) smaak; bitter, zoet, zout, zuur (Category: nl:Taste)

Noun

bitter m or n (plural bitters, diminutive bittertje n)

  1. A type of strong spirits made by steeping (often bitter) herbs in brandy or jenever, traditionally considered a digestive drink.

Usage notes

When used in a countable sense (a serving of bitter), the diminutive is the usual form.

Derived terms

  • bitterbal
  • oranjebitter
  • kruidenbitter

Synonyms

  • kruidenbitter

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: bitter
  • ? Sranan Tongo: bita

Further reading

  • The article Bitters on Wikipedia

Finnish

Noun

bitter

  1. bitter (type of beer)

Declension


French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bi.te/

Verb

bitter

  1. (transitive, slang) to understand, usually used in negative form and especially with rien.

Conjugation

Synonyms

  • comprendre

German

Etymology

From Middle High German bitter, pitter, from Old High German bittar, from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz. Compare Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, English bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /?b?.t?/

Adjective

bitter (comparative bitterer, superlative am bittersten)

  1. bitter

(tastes) Geschmack; bitter, salzig, sauer, süß (Category: de:Taste)

Declension

Derived terms

  • bitterkalt
  • bittersüß
  • Bitterkeit
  • verbittern

Adverb

bitter

  1. bitterly

Synonyms

  • verbittert

Further reading

  • “bitter” in Duden online
  • “bitter” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “bitter” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.

Italian

Etymology

From English bitters

Noun

bitter m (invariable)

  1. bitters

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /?b?t??r/

Adjective

bitter

  1. bitter (taste)
  2. sad, painful

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

  • Dutch: bitter
  • Limburgish: bitter

Further reading

  • “bitter”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “bitter”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Middle Low German bitter and Old Norse bitr

Adjective

bitter (neuter singular bittert, definite singular and plural bitre, comparative bitrere, indefinite superlative bitrest, definite superlative bitreste)

  1. bitter

Derived terms

  • bitterhet

References

  • “bitter” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Middle Low German bitter and Old Norse bitr

Adjective

bitter (neuter singular bittert, definite singular and plural bitre, comparative bitrare, indefinite superlative bitrast, definite superlative bitraste)

  1. bitter

References

  • “bitter” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /?bit.ter/

Adjective

bitter

  1. Alternative form of biter

Declension


Old High German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /?bit.ter/

Adjective

bitter

  1. Alternative form of bittar

References

  • Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse bitr (partly through the influence of Middle Low German bitter), from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.

Pronunciation

Adjective

bitter (comparative bittrare, superlative bittrast)

  1. bitter; having an acrid taste
  2. bitter; hateful
  3. bitter; resentful

Declension

Anagrams

  • bittre

bitter From the web:

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  • what bitter means
  • what bitters to buy
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  • what bitters to use for an old fashioned
  • what bitters go in old fashioned
  • what bitters for manhattan


rough

English

Alternative forms

  • ruff (colloquial)

Etymology

From Middle English rough, rogh, ro?e, row, rou, ru, ru?, ruh, from Old English r?g, r?h, from Proto-Germanic *r?haz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (rough), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (rough), West Frisian rûch (rough), Low German ruuch (rough), Dutch ruig (rough), German rau(h) (rough).

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /??f/
  • Rhymes: -?f
  • Homophone: ruff

Adjective

rough (comparative rougher, superlative roughest)

  1. Not smooth; uneven.
    • 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1
      The rock was one of those tremendously solid brown, or rather black, rocks which emerge from the sand like something primitive. Rough with crinkled limpet shells and sparsely strewn with locks of dry seaweed, a small boy has to stretch his legs far apart, and indeed to feel rather heroic, before he gets to the top.
  2. Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
  3. Turbulent.
    • 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii:
      With my mother's permission and blessings, I set off exultantly for Bombay, leaving my wife with a baby of a few months. But on arrival there, friends told my brother that the Indian Ocean was rough in June and July, and as this was my first voyage, I should not be allowed to sail until November.
  4. Difficult; trying.
  5. Crude; unrefined
  6. Violent; not careful or subtle
  7. Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
    • But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song,
      And smooth or rough, with them
  8. Not polished; uncut; said of a gem.
  9. Harsh-tasting.
  10. (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Somewhat ill; sick
  11. (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover

Antonyms

  • smooth

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

rough (plural roughs)

  1. The unmowed part of a golf course.
  2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
  3. (cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
  4. The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
  5. A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
  6. (obsolete) Boisterous weather.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Fletcher to this entry?)
  7. A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

rough (third-person singular simple present roughs, present participle roughing, simple past and past participle roughed)

  1. To create in an approximate form.
  2. (ice hockey) To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
  3. To render rough; to roughen.
  4. To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Crabb to this entry?)
  5. To endure primitive conditions.
  6. (transitive) To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.

Derived terms

Translations

Adverb

rough (comparative more rough, superlative most rough)

  1. In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.

Derived terms

  • sleep rough

rough From the web:

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