different between avoir vs rub

French

Alternative forms

• havoir

Etymology

From Middle French avoir, from Old French avoir, aveir, aver, from Latin habe? (“have, hold, possess”), probably from a Proto-Italic *hab?? or *ha???, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *g?h?b?- (“to grab, to take”). Influenced and reinforced by similar (yet etymologically unrelated) verbs in Germanic; compare Frankish *hab?n, Frankish *heb?n (“to have”), Gothic ???????????????????? (haban, “to have”).

See closer cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin avouèr, Bourbonnais-Berrichon avoér, Bourguignon aivoi, Champenois aouâr, Corsican avè, Franco-Provençal avêr, Franc-Comtois aivoi, Gallo avair, Lorrain ahoir, Norman avaer, Occitan aver, Picard avoèr, Tourangeau avouèr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.vwa?/
• Rhymes: -wa?

Noun

avoir m (plural avoirs)

1. asset, possession

Verb

avoir

1. (transitive) to have (to own; to possess)

2. (intransitive, with à) to have (to), must

3. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)

4. (transitive) to have (a condition)

5. (transitive) to have (a measure or age)

6. to have (to trick)

7. to have (to participate in an experience)

Usage notes

Avoir is often used with nouns like chaud (“heat”), faim (“hunger”), soif (“thirst”), peur (“fear”), etc. to express a personal condition or feeling, as shown in examples above. While constructions like être affamé (“to be starving/starved”) and être assoiffé (“to be thirsty”) exist, they are almost always used figuratively. It is always more natural to use avoir rather than être in the examples listed above, and other similar cases. In some cases, both verbs can be used, but with vastly different meanings:

Conjugation

Derived terms

Pages starting with “avoir”.

• il y a
• l'avoir mauvaise
• n'avoir que faire
• n'y a-t-il
• un tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l'auras
• y a-t-il
• y avoir

See also

• être

Further reading

• “avoir” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle French

Alternative forms

• avoyr

Etymology

From Old French avoir, aveir, from Latin habe? (“have, hold, possess”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *g?h?b?- (“to grab, to take”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?vo?er/

Verb

avoir

1. to have
2. (auxiliary) to have (verb used to form the perfect tense)

Conjugation

• Like Modern French avoir, highly irregular
• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Descendants

• French: avoir

References

• avoir on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

Old French

Alternative forms

• aveir, aver, avoyr

Etymology

From earlier aveir, aver, from Latin habe? (“have, hold, possess”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?voi?r/

Verb

avoir

1. to have
2. (auxiliary) to have (verb used to form the perfect tense)
3. to exist (there is/there are)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Noun

avoir m (oblique plural avoirs, nominative singular avoirs, nominative plural avoir)

1. possession; good
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     C'est mes avoirs, c'est mes tresorz.

     It is my possession, it is my treasure.

Descendants

• Bourguignon: aivoi
• English: aver (from aver, aveir)
• Middle French: avoir
  • French: avoir
• Picard: avoèr
• Gallo: aveir (from aver, aveir)
• Norman: aveir, aver (from aver, aveir)
• Walloon: aveur (from aver, aveir)

English

Etymology

From Middle English rubben, possibly from Low German rubben, rubbeling or Saterland Frisian rubben. Or, of North Germanic origin, such as Swedish rubba (“to move, scrub”), all from Proto-Germanic *reufan? (“to tear”).

Cognate with Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”), German Low German rubben (“to rub”), Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”), Dutch robben, rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”), Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”), Icelandic and Norwegian rubba (“to scrape”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /??b/, [??b], enPR: r?b
• (US) IPA^(key): /??b/, enPR: r?b
• Rhymes: -?b

Noun

rub (plural rubs)

1. An act of rubbing.

2. A difficulty or problem.
3. (archaic) A quip or sarcastic remark.
4. In the game of crown green bowls, any obstacle by which a bowl is diverted from its normal course.
5. Any substance designed to be applied by rubbing.
   1. A mixture of spices applied to meat before it is barbecued.
6. (Britain, naval slang) A loan.

Synonyms

• (a difficulty or problem): hitch, hiccup, catch, kink, glitch, snag

Translations

Verb

rub (third-person singular simple present rubs, present participle rubbing, simple past and past participle rubbed)

1. (transitive) To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction.

2. (transitive) To rub something against (a second thing).
   • 1536 (originally published, the quote if from a later edited version of unknown date), Thomas Elyot, The Castel of Helth

     It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body with a coarse linen cloth.

3. (intransitive) To be rubbed against something.

4. (transitive) To spread a substance thinly over; to smear.
5. (dated) To move or pass with difficulty.

6. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; often with up or over.
   • a. 1716, Robert South, Man Created in God's Image

     The whole business of our redemption is, in short, only to rub over the defaced copy of the creation

7. To hinder; to cross; to thwart.
8. (transitive, bowls) To touch the jack with the bowl.

Derived terms

Translations

Further reading

• rub in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• rub in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• rub at OneLook Dictionary Search
• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “rub”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

References

Anagrams

• bru, bur, bur-

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *r?b? (“something which was cut”), from *r?bati (“to cut, chop”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rup/
• Rhymes: -up
• Homophone: rup

Noun

rub m

1. back (the reverse side)

2. the other (often negative) aspect of a situation

Declension

Antonyms

• líc

Derived terms

• naruby

See also

• vzh?ru nohama
• rubat
• rub on the Czech Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^cs

References

Further reading

• rub in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• rub in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Lower Sorbian

Alternative forms

• rubaj

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rup]

Verb

rub

1. second-person singular imperative of ruba?

Manx

Etymology

Borrowed from English rub.

Noun

rub m (genitive singular rub, plural rubbyn)

1. rub

Verb

rub (verbal noun rubbey or rubbal)

1. to rub

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *r?b?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rû?b/

Noun

r?b m (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. rim
2. edge, brink

Declension

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English ribbe, from Old English ribb, from Proto-West Germanic *ribi.

Noun

rub (pluarl rubbès)

1. a rib

References

• Jacob Poole (1867) , William Barnes, editor, A glossary, with some pieces of verse, of the old dialect of the English colony in the baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, J. Russell Smith, ?ISBN